Chapter 1 Flashcards
What is Anatomy?
The identification and description of the structures of living things, refers to the location, “blueprint of a building”
What is Physiology?
The study of the integrated functions of the body and the functions of all its parts including biophysical and biochemical processes, “the construction company communicating about the building”
What is gross anatomy?
Anatomy that is studied with the naked eye
What is microscopic anatomy?
Histology or microanatomy
What is comparative anatomy?
The study of structures of various species of animals, with particular emphasis on characteristics that aid in classification. I.e. comparing digestive systems of different species
What is Embryology?
The study of developmental anatomy, covering the period from conception (fertilization of the female’s egg) to birth. It is how the anatomy of a species develops.
What is Systematic anatomy?
The study of anatomy by systems.
What functions associated with life can a single cell perform?
Growth, metabolism, response to stimuli, and reproduction
How are new cells created?
All cells come from pre-existing cells, cells cannot be created from nothing.
What is a cell?
A mass of cytoplasm that is bound by a cell membrane, the smallest structural unit of living matter
What is tissue?
A group of specialized cells.
What is an organ?
Various tissues with associated functions.
What is an organ system?
A group of organs that participate in a common enterprise.
What are the four primary types of tissue found in animals?
Epithelial tissue, connective tissue, muscle tissue, nervous tissue
What is epithelial tissue?
Thin, continuous, protective layer of compactly packed cells with little intercellular matrix
What are the main functions of epithelial tissue?
- Protection of underlying tissue
- Can be absorptive
- Secretion/excretion
- Sensory
How does epithelial tissue form barriers?
the tissue lines the outer surface of organs and blood vessels
How does epithelial tissue work functionally?
The tissue lines the inner surface (lumen) of cavities in many internal organs
What is the mesothelium?
Epithelium that lines the body cavities
What is the endothelium?
Epithelium that lines the blood vessels
How can epithelial tissue be classified?
- Number of layers of cells (simple or stratified)
- Shape of cells on the luminal (inner) surface (cuboidal or squamous or columnar)
- Presence of surface specializations (cilia, microvilli, keratin)
How can skin be classified as an epithelial tissue?
Keratinized, stratified, squamous epithelium
Location of simple squamous?
Air sacs of lungs and lining of the heart, blood vessels, and lymphatic vessels
Function of the simple squamous?
Single layers have little tensile strength and are found only as a covering for stronger tissues.
Allows materials to pass through by diffusion and filtration, and secretes lubricating substance.