Exam 3: Developmental Anomalies

Question 1

Defectss in growth or development of an organ or tissue

Answer 1

Developmental anomalies

Question 2

T/F. Developmental anomalies are present at birth?

Answer 2

T. just not obvious

Question 3

What are the two manifestations of developmental anomalies

Answer 3

1. Anatomic Malformations

2. Biochemical defects

Question 4

What are some examples of Anatomic malformations

Answer 4

1. Failure to fuse
2. Failure to separate
3. Cysts
4. Failure of structure to develop
5. Abnormal development of structure
6. Ectopic development

Question 5

What are some examples of biochemical defects

Answer 5

1. Inability to synthesise adequate amts. of enzyme or protein

Lysosomal storage dz
Albinism

Question 6

Biochemical Defects are usually due to what?

Answer 6

Genetic mutation

Question 7

Pathogenesis of Anatomical Developmental anomalies occur due to ___________.

Answer 7

The injury of cells during embryogenesis

Question 8

T/F. All anatomical developmental anomalies are in utero

Answer 8

T

Question 9

The nature of the anatomical defect that results depends on what 2 things?

Answer 9

1. Timing

2. Tissue injured

Question 10

What happens if you have damage to the embryo?

Answer 10

Death and resorption

Question 11

What happens if you have damage to early foetus?

Answer 11

Developmental anomaly

Question 12

What happens if you have damage during last trimester?

Answer 12

Abortion, stilbirth, weak neonate

Question 13

What happens if you have damage to the zygote during development?

Answer 13

Death and resorption

Question 14

What happens if you have damage to the embryo during organogenesis?

Answer 14

1. Developmental anomaly

2. Embryonic death and abortion

Question 15

What happens if you have damage to the growing fetud?

Answer 15

Death, abortion, mummification, stillbirth, weak neonates

Question 16

What are the 4 aetiologies of developmental anomalies

Answer 16

1. Genetic defect
2. In utero infection
3. In utero exposure to teratogens
4. In utero nutritional deficiencies

Question 17

What are the 4 ways to assess the aetiology of congenital dz

Answer 17

1. nature of malformation
2. spp. involved
3. individual or heard
4. Lab. tests

Question 18

What are the 4 types of genetic defect that lead to developmental anomalies

Answer 18

1. Inherited genes
2. Spontaneous somatic genetic defect
3. Chromosomal anomalies
4. Breed predispositions

Question 19

These anomalies are inherited, and breed related.

Answer 19

Genetic defects