Exam 2: Neoplasia Flashcards
T/F. Neoplasia is considered a circulatory disorder
F. Disorder of growth
What are the 3 disorders of growth
- cellular adaptations
- Neoplasia
- Developmental abnormalities
What does the suffix -oma mean?
Benign
What does the suffic -carcinoma, or -sarcoma mean?
Malignant
What are the 2 parts of neoplasm
- Neoplastic cells (parencyma)
2. CT and blood vessels (Stroma)
What are the 2 types of parenchymal cells>
- Epithelial cells
2. Mesenchymal cells
Suffix to denote a benign Epithelial or mesenchymal neoplasm
-oma
suffix to denote a malignant epithelial neoplasm
-Carcinoma
Suffic to denote a malignant mesenchymal neoplasm
-Sarcoma
T/F. Earlier arrest is associated with malignancy
T
What are the 2 cellular criteria of malignancy?
- Differentiation
2. Features of anaplasia
What are the 7 Anaplasia features of malignant neoplasia
- Pleomorphic
- Anisokaryosis
- Nuclear hyperchromasia
- High N:C ration
- Prominent nucleoli
- Multiple nuclei
- Abnormal Mitotic figures
B or M? Well differentiated appearance
Benign
B or M? Lack of differentiation
Malignant
B or M? atypical structure
Malignant
B or M? variable degree of anaplasia
Malignant
B or M Slow to rapid growth erratic growth rate
Malignant
B or M? Structure similar to Tissue of oritgin
Benign
B or M? Slow progressive expansion
Benign
B or M? mitotic figures often numerous
Malignant
B or M? capsule
Benign
B or M? no metastasis
Benign
what is the gross shape of neoplasia
- nodular
- polypoid/papillary
- Cystic/cavitary
- Umbilicated (depressed center
- change in color
- firm
- demarcation
The molecular basis of cancer
Carcinogenesis
Neoplasia is a result of an abnormality involving:
a. Cellular respiration
b. Membrane instability
c. Organelle growth
d. The cell cycle
D. the cell cycle
_____ is the hallmark of neoplasia
Unlimited proliferation
Abnormalities in genes controlling which of the following could result in a neoplasm developing:
a. Apoptosis
b. DNA repair
c. Growth signaling
d. Growth-inhibition signaling
e. all of the above
e. all of the above
Neoplasms often have mutations that result in what 4 things?
- Defective DNA repair
- Self-sufficient growth signals
- Insensitivity to growth inhibition
- Evasion of apoptosis
Defective DNA repair leads to _____ which leads to more cancer causing mutations
Genetic instability
Regulators of cell proliferation and growth
Proto-oncogenes
Products of oncoproteins, similar function as normal counterpart without the regulatory element
Oncogene
normally put the breaks on the cell cycle, when absent the cells become insensitive to growth inhibition signals
Tumor suppressor genes
T/F mutations of defective DNA are dominant
T
T/F. mutations of insensitivity to growth inhibition signals is Dominant
F. Recessive, need 2 independent mutations
Tumor suppressor gene that is responsible for DNA binding protein, that stimulates many genes involved in arresting the cell cycle
p53
what are the 4 normal triggers for apoptosis
- DNA damage
- Loss of nutrients
- Binding of death factors
- Cytotoxic lymphocytes
T/F. Mutations in evasion of apoptosis are dominant
F. can be dominant or recessive
The product of the gene Rb inactivates proteins required for G1/S transition in the cell cycle. Rb is normally active in quiescent cells. Rb is an example of:
a. Apoptosis gene
b. Oncogene
c. Proto-oncogene
d. Tumor suppressor gene
D. tumor suppressor gene
This protein is involved in stimulating the cell cycle and when mutated is is constituatly active what would it be?
a. Apoptosis gene
b. Oncogene
c. Proto-oncogene
d. Tumor suppressor gene
oncoprotein
T/F Neoplasms are clonal
T
Neoplasms are clonal but become heterogenous over time due to ______
genetic instability
P that are involved in binding to the neighboring cells
Cadherins
Receptors that bind to degrated ECM and pulls cell through BM
Integrins
What stimulates cell to migrate through BM?
Growth factors produced by self.
which for the following is necessary for a detached tumor cell to be able to bind the ECM
Integrins
