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Pathology 1 > Exam 2: Neoplasia > Flashcards

Exam 2: Neoplasia Flashcards

1
Q

T/F. Neoplasia is considered a circulatory disorder

A

F. Disorder of growth

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2
Q

What are the 3 disorders of growth

A
  1. cellular adaptations
  2. Neoplasia
  3. Developmental abnormalities
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3
Q

What does the suffix -oma mean?

A

Benign

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4
Q

What does the suffic -carcinoma, or -sarcoma mean?

A

Malignant

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5
Q

What are the 2 parts of neoplasm

A
  1. Neoplastic cells (parencyma)

2. CT and blood vessels (Stroma)

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6
Q

What are the 2 types of parenchymal cells>

A
  1. Epithelial cells

2. Mesenchymal cells

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7
Q

Suffix to denote a benign Epithelial or mesenchymal neoplasm

A

-oma

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8
Q

suffix to denote a malignant epithelial neoplasm

A

-Carcinoma

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9
Q

Suffic to denote a malignant mesenchymal neoplasm

A

-Sarcoma

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10
Q

T/F. Earlier arrest is associated with malignancy

A

T

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11
Q

What are the 2 cellular criteria of malignancy?

A
  1. Differentiation

2. Features of anaplasia

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12
Q

What are the 7 Anaplasia features of malignant neoplasia

A
  1. Pleomorphic
  2. Anisokaryosis
  3. Nuclear hyperchromasia
  4. High N:C ration
  5. Prominent nucleoli
  6. Multiple nuclei
  7. Abnormal Mitotic figures
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13
Q

B or M? Well differentiated appearance

A

Benign

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14
Q

B or M? Lack of differentiation

A

Malignant

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15
Q

B or M? atypical structure

A

Malignant

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16
Q

B or M? variable degree of anaplasia

A

Malignant

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17
Q

B or M Slow to rapid growth erratic growth rate

A

Malignant

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18
Q

B or M? Structure similar to Tissue of oritgin

A

Benign

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19
Q

B or M? Slow progressive expansion

A

Benign

20
Q

B or M? mitotic figures often numerous

A

Malignant

21
Q

B or M? capsule

A

Benign

22
Q

B or M? no metastasis

A

Benign

23
Q

what is the gross shape of neoplasia

A
  1. nodular
  2. polypoid/papillary
  3. Cystic/cavitary
  4. Umbilicated (depressed center
  5. change in color
  6. firm
  7. demarcation
24
Q

The molecular basis of cancer

A

Carcinogenesis

25
Q

Neoplasia is a result of an abnormality involving:

a. Cellular respiration
b. Membrane instability
c. Organelle growth
d. The cell cycle

A

D. the cell cycle

26
Q

_____ is the hallmark of neoplasia

A

Unlimited proliferation

27
Q

Abnormalities in genes controlling which of the following could result in a neoplasm developing:

a. Apoptosis
b. DNA repair
c. Growth signaling
d. Growth-inhibition signaling
e. all of the above

A

e. all of the above

28
Q

Neoplasms often have mutations that result in what 4 things?

A
  1. Defective DNA repair
  2. Self-sufficient growth signals
  3. Insensitivity to growth inhibition
  4. Evasion of apoptosis
29
Q

Defective DNA repair leads to _____ which leads to more cancer causing mutations

A

Genetic instability

30
Q

Regulators of cell proliferation and growth

A

Proto-oncogenes

31
Q

Products of oncoproteins, similar function as normal counterpart without the regulatory element

A

Oncogene

32
Q

normally put the breaks on the cell cycle, when absent the cells become insensitive to growth inhibition signals

A

Tumor suppressor genes

33
Q

T/F mutations of defective DNA are dominant

A

T

34
Q

T/F. mutations of insensitivity to growth inhibition signals is Dominant

A

F. Recessive, need 2 independent mutations

35
Q

Tumor suppressor gene that is responsible for DNA binding protein, that stimulates many genes involved in arresting the cell cycle

A

p53

36
Q

what are the 4 normal triggers for apoptosis

A
  1. DNA damage
  2. Loss of nutrients
  3. Binding of death factors
  4. Cytotoxic lymphocytes
37
Q

T/F. Mutations in evasion of apoptosis are dominant

A

F. can be dominant or recessive

38
Q

The product of the gene Rb inactivates proteins required for G1/S transition in the cell cycle. Rb is normally active in quiescent cells. Rb is an example of:

a. Apoptosis gene
b. Oncogene
c. Proto-oncogene
d. Tumor suppressor gene

A

D. tumor suppressor gene

39
Q

This protein is involved in stimulating the cell cycle and when mutated is is constituatly active what would it be?

a. Apoptosis gene
b. Oncogene
c. Proto-oncogene
d. Tumor suppressor gene

A

oncoprotein

40
Q

T/F Neoplasms are clonal

A

T

41
Q

Neoplasms are clonal but become heterogenous over time due to ______

A

genetic instability

42
Q

P that are involved in binding to the neighboring cells

A

Cadherins

43
Q

Receptors that bind to degrated ECM and pulls cell through BM

A

Integrins

44
Q

What stimulates cell to migrate through BM?

A

Growth factors produced by self.

45
Q

which for the following is necessary for a detached tumor cell to be able to bind the ECM

A

Integrins

Pathology 1 (19 decks)

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