[Exam 3] Chapter 29 – Growth and Development of the Adolescent Flashcards
Age for girls and boys to enter puberty?
Girls: 9-10
Boys: 10-11
Physiologic Changes With Puberty: Secretion of estrogen and testosterone in boys stimulates what
Development of breast tissue in girls, pubic hair in both sexes, and changes in male genitalia
Physiologic Changes With Puberty: What does GnRH release and stimulate the production of?
FSH and LH.
Physiologic Changes With Puberty: What does LH stimulate
ovulation in girls and acts on testicular leydig cells in boys propting maturation of testicles
Physiologic Changes With Puberty: LSH with LH stimualtes what
sperm production
Physiologic Changes With Puberty: When does menarhe occur?
First menstrual period, usually begins between 9-15 years of age.
Physiologic Changes With Puberty: When does thelarche occur?
Breast budding occurs at 9-11 years
Physiologic Changes With Puberty: First sign of pubertal changes in boys?
Testicular enlargement in response to testosterone, usually in tanner stage 2.
Physiologic Changes With Puberty: What happens as testosterone levels increase
penis and scrotum wil enlarge, hair distributes more, and scrotal skin texture changes.
Physical Growth: When does height stop in girls?
Ceases 2 to 2.5 years after menarche
Physical Growth: When do boys stop growing in height?
13.5 to 17.5 years old.
Physical Growth: When does peak height velocity occur?
6 months after menarche for girls
14 years old in boys
Organ System Maturation - Neurologic System: What changes occur her?
Brian size stays the same, a long with neurons. But growth of myelin sheath enables faster neural processing
Organ System Maturation - Respiratory System: RR now?
15-20 breaths per minute.
Organ System Maturation - Respiratory System: Why is volume and capacity greater in boys than girls?
Because of increased chest and shoulder size
Organ System Maturation - Cardiovascular System: Changes in heart?
Increase in size and strength
BP rises and HR decreases
Organ System Maturation - GI System: Teeth here?
Full set with exception of last 4 molars, which come between 17-20 years
Organ System Maturation - Musculoskeletal System: When is ossification complete?
Late adolescence in boys. Earlier in girls.
Organ System Maturation - Musculoskeletal System: Wht do low estrogen levels do?
Stimulate skeletal growth, while higher inhibit growth
Organ System Maturation - Integumentary System: What do androgens cause here?
Sebaceous glands become more active, particularly on the face, back, and genitals.
Psychosocial Development: Erik Eriksons stage here?
Identity vs Role Confusion or Diffusion
Psychosocial Development: How are previous roles revisited here according to Erik Erikson? With Trust, Autonomy, Initiative, and Industry
Trust encountered as they trust people. In autonomy, adolescent seeks out ways to expres their individuality. Initiative as they start to think what they’ll become. Industry as they make choice to participate in clubs
Cognitive Development: How does adolescent progress here?
From concrete framework of thinking to an abstract one. Develops ability to think outside of the present . Can incorporate into thinking concepts that do exist as well as concept that may exist
Cognitive Development: According to Piaget, how does thinking become?
Logical, organized, and consistent. Is able to think about a problem from all points of view.
Moral and Spiritual Development: According to Kohlberg, adolescents are experiencing what
postconventional stage of moral development. Majority of choices based on emotions while they question societal standards. They end up developing their own morals
Moral and Spiritual Development: How do they view religion?
May begin to question their formal religious practices or some may cling to them
Emotional/Social Development - Relationship with Parents: How do parents feel with adolescents hanging out with friends more?
Feel that they have less influence on the adolescent as the teen questions family values and becomes more mobile. Leads to family crisis
Emotional/Social Development - Relationship with Parents: What do families do to ensure a positive outcome?
Families who lsiten to and continue to demonstrate affection for and acceptance of their adolescent
Emotional/Social Development - Importance of Peers: Adolescent peer relationships are very important in providing what?
Negotiating differences, someone to share problems with, learning peer loyalty, and creating stability during transitions or time of stress.
Emotional/Social Development - Sexuality and Dating: What is sexuality?
Thoughts, feelings, and behaviors related to the adolescents sexual identity
Promoting Growth and Development W/ Sports and Physical Fitness: High levels of physical activity provides disease prevention against
cancer, obesity, osteoporosis, diabetes, and depression
Promoting Growth and Development W/ Sports and Physical Fitness: In relation to sports, role of the nurse is what?
Educate to prevent injuries. Includes discouraging participation when teen is tired or has an existing injury , encourage use of proper gear, and ensure that adolescent learns how to plat sport
Promoting Learning - School: Dropout rates remain highest with what group
Hispanics
Promoting Learning - School: Studnets with poor grades and low academic achievement exhibit what behaviors?
More emtoional behaviors such as violence and are more likely to engage in risky behaviors sch as early sexual initiation
Promoting Safety: Factors related to prevalence of adolescent injuries includes what?
Increased physical growth, insufficient psychomotor coordination, and abundance of energy
Promoting Nutrition - Nutritional Needs: Boys and girls who are moderately active need how many calories?
Boys - 2400-2800
Girls - 2000
Promoting Nutrition - Nutritional Needs: How much calcium is needed?
1300 mg each day
Promoting Nutrition - Nutritional Needs: Male and Female needs for iron?
Male - 11 mg
Female - 15 mg
Promoting Nutrition - Nutritional Needs: Protein requirements?
Girls - 46 g
Boys - 52 g
Promoting Nutrition - Preventing Development of Overweight/Obesity: What factors lead to obesity?
Poor food choices, unhealthy eating practices, and lack of exercise.
Promoting Healthy Sleep/Rest: How much sleep is needed?
8.5 to 9.5 hours
Promoting Healthy Teeth/Gums: What conditions may ocur here?
Malocculsion, gingivitis and tooth avulsion
Promoting Healthy Teeth/Gums: What is Malocclusion?
(Poor Bite) that occurs from facial and mandibular bone growth that results in misalignment of top teeth with bottom teeth
Promoting Healthy Teeth/Gums: What is tooth avlusion?
(Knocked-out teeth) that may occur during sports. Must be replanted as soon as possible. Reinsert in tooth socket or store in cool milk
Promoting Personal Care - Body Piercing: Some infections that result from unclean tools include?
Hepatitis, tetanus, tuberculosis, and HIV
Promoting Personal Care - Body Piercing: How long for naval infection to hel for tongue?
Naval may take a year, while a tongue only needs 4 weeks
Promoting Personal Care - Body Piercing: Risks of tattooing include what?
Hep B/C, HIV, Skin Infection, Scarring, Bleeding
When giving parents guidance for the adolescent years, the nurse would advise the parents to: (Choose all that apply.)
Accept the adolescent as a unique individual Provide strict, inflexible rules Listen and try to be open to the adolescent’s views Screen all of his or her friends Respect the adolescent’s privacy Provide unconditional love
A,C,E,F
In developing a weight-loss plan for an adolescent, which would the nurse include? (Choose all that apply.)
Have parents make all of the meal plans. Eat slowly and place the fork down between each bite. Have the family exercise together. Refer to an adolescent weight-loss program. Keep a food and exercise diary.
B,C,D,E
Which is associated with early adolescence? (Choose all that apply.)
Uses scientific reasoning to solve problems Still at times wants to be dependent upon parents Incorporates own set of morals and values Is influenced by peers and values memberships in cliques
B,D
What has the most influence in deterring an adolescent from beginning to drink alcohol?
Drinking habits of parents Drinking habits of peers Drinking philosophy of adolescent’s culture Drinking philosophy of adolescent’s religion
Drinking habits of peers
