[Exam 3] Chapter 28 – Growth and Development of the School-Age Child Flashcards
Physical Growth: From 6-12 years, children grow at an average height of?
6-7 cm (2.5 inches) per year
Physical Growth: How much weight is gained yearly?
3-3.5 kg (7 lb)
Organ System Maturation - Neurologic System: Brain growth her?
Very flow. Growth complete by 10 years.
Organ System Maturation - Respiratory System: What happens to RR, abdominal breathing, and how respirations occur?
RR decreases
Abdominal breathing disappears
Respirations become diaphragmatic
Organ System Maturation - Cardiovascular System: BP and Pulse Rate?
BP increases and pulse rate decreases
Organ System Maturation - GI System: What happens to teeth?
All 20 primary teeth lost, and replaced by 28-32 permanent teeth
Organ System Maturation - Urinary System: Bladder capacity changes?
Increases, and girls have greater capacity than boys.
Organ System Maturation - Urinary System: Formula for bladder capcity?
Age in years plus 2 oz
Organ System Maturation - Prepubescence: What is this?
Occurs 2 years before puberrty and characterized by development of secondary sexual chracteristics, period of rapid growth for girls, and a period of continued growth for boys
Organ System Maturation - Immune System: When do they reach peak maturity for IgA and IgG?
At around 10 years of age.
Psychosocial Development: What task is completed here for Erik Erikson?
Industry versus inferiority. Develops sense of self-worth by becoming involves with multiple activites at school. Interested to see how things work
Cognitive Development: piagets stage here for 7-11 year old?
Concrete operational thoughts. Is able to assimilate and coordinate information about their world from other peoples views.
Cognitive Development: During concrete operational stage, develops principle of conservation which is what?
Matter does not change when its form changes. Think of the water example.
Cognitive Development: Activities here for Freuds Latency period?
Focuses ona ctivites that develop social and cognitive skills. Develops social skills in relating to same-sex friends through clubs
Moral and Spiritual Development: According to Kohlberg, school-age children is at the conventional stage of
moral development. Follows rules out of a sense of being a “good” person.
Moral and Spiritual Development: For Kohlberg, a 10-12 year old will progres to stage 4, which is what?
Law and order stage. Can determine if an action is good or based based on the reason for action, just not the consequences
Gross Motor Skill: What activites may they do now?
Ride a two-wheeled bike, jump rope, dance, and participate in sports
Fine Motor Skill: Myelinizationof the CNS is reflected by?
Refinement of fine motor skills. Eye-hand coordination and balance improve with maturity and practice.
Sensory Development: Eye sight in this stagge?
20/20 vision.
Sensory Development: Some eye problems that may be reported include?
Amblyopia (lazy eye), uncorrected refractive errors, and other eye defects.
Sensory Development: What is Amblyopia?
Reduced vision in the eye that has not been adequately used during early development. Can lead to near, far, and astigmatic than the other eye
Sensory Development: How can Amblyopia be corrected?
Glassess or patching with forces the child to use the weaker eye.
Language Development: Develop metalinguistic awareness, which is what?
An ability to think about language and comment on its properties. Enables them to enjoy jokes due to undestanding of double meaning
Language Development: How do they feel about metaphors?
Are beginning to understand metaphors
Emotional/Social Development - Temperament: Three commonly grouped temperaments are?
That child is easy and adaptable, child that is slow to warm up, or child that is difficult and easily frustrated.
Emotional/Social Development - Temperament: How will an easy child adapt to school?
Easily adapt to school entry and other experiences smoothly with little to no stress
Emotional/Social Development - Temperament: How will a slow-to-warm child adapt to school?
Slow to adapt to changes. May exhibit discomfort when placed in different or new siutations at school.
Emotional/Social Development - Temperament: What can a difficult or easily distracted child benefit from?
Introduction to the new experiences and people by role-playing, visiting the site, and being introduced to the teachers.
Emotional/Social Development - Self-Esteem Development: How do feedback about their performance or tasks affect them?
Influences the child’s opinion of self-worth, which influences self-esteem adn self-evaluation
Emotional/Social Development - Body Image: Why is this important?
Important for late school-agers to feel accepted by peers
Emotional/Social Development - School-Age Fears: What fears do they have?
Fear death and darkness. Even animals. Need reassurance that fears are normal for their age.
Emotional/Social Development - School-Age Fears: What coping strategies should they be taught?
Positive self-statemetns such as “I can do this” and relaxation techniques such as depe rbeathing
Emotional/Social Development - Peer Relationships: How do these support the school-age child?
By providing enough security to risk the parental conflict brouht about when establishing independence
Emotional/Social Development - Teacher and School Influences: How can teachers facilitate transition from home to school?
Teacher must have the personality and knowledge of development that will allow them to meet needs of young children.
Promoting Growth and Development Through Play: Play for school-age child include
both organized cooperative acitivtes and solitary activities.
Promote Learning - Formal Education: What role do teachehrs play?
In fostering feelings of industry and preventing feelings of inferiority.
Promote Learning - Reading: How can reading promotion occur?
Trips to the library and purchasing books to help promote love of reading.
Promoting Safety: Increase in independence leads to what?
Increased self-confidence and decreased fears, what may contirbute to accidents and injuries.
Promoting Safety - Car Safety: At what weight should children use belt-positioning, forward facing booster seat?
18.1 kg (40 lbs)
Promoting Safety - Car Safety: When is the booster seat outggrown?
When they re 144.8 cm (4 ft 9 in) or taller, and usually between 8-12 years of age.
Abuse In Children: Abusers of children are usually who?
Family, friends, and strangers
Abuse In Children: What is important to teach children because of this?
The difference between good touch versus bad touch
Promoting Nutrition - Nutritional Needs:4-8 years old who are moderately active need how many calories?
1400 to 1600 calories
Promoting Nutrition - Nutritional Needs: Boys 9-13 years old who are moderately active need how many calories?
1800 to 2000 calories
Promoting Nutrition - Nutritional Needs: Girl 9-13 years old who is moderately active needs how many calories?
1600-2000
Promoting Nutrition - Nutritional Needs: 4-8 year old needs how much calcium?
800 - 1000 mg of calcium
Promoting Nutrition - Nutritional Needs: 9-13 year old needs how much calcium?
1300 mg of Calcium.
Promoting Nutrition - Promoting Healthy Eating Habits: A prudent diet limits the use of what?
Fatty meats, high-fat dairy productions, eggs, and hydrogenated shortenings and promotes consumption of fish
Promoting Nutrition - Preventing Overweight/Obesity: Overweight is calssified as what?
BMI greater than 85%
Promoting Nutrition - Preventing Overweight/Obesity: Obese is classified as what?
BMI greater than 95%
Promoting Nutrition - Preventing Overweight/Obesity: Some factors linked to causing obesity include?
Family role modeling, lack of exercise, unstructured meals, consumption of sugar-sweetened bevarges, large portion sizes, and television viewing.
Promoting Nutrition - Preventing Overweight/Obesity: Obese children are at risk for what diseases?
High cholesterol and hypertension, type 2 diabetes, and respiratory complications.
Promoting Nutrition - Promoting Healthy Sleep/Rest: Children between 6-8 need how much sleep
12 hours of sleep per night
Promoting Nutrition - Promoting Healthy Sleep/Rest: Children between ages 8-10 require how much sleep?
10-12 hours of sleep
Promoting Nutrition - Promoting Healthy Sleep/Rest: Children between ages of 10-12 need how much sleep
9-10 hours of sleep
Promoting Nutrition - Promoting Healthy Sleep/Rest: When do night terros and sleep walking appear and disappear?
Appear in 6-8 year olds, but should be resolved by 8-10 years old.
Promoting Nutrition - Promoting Healthy Teeth and Gums: How often do children need to brush their teeth?
2-3x per day for 2-3 minutes each time with flurinated toothpaste.
Promoting Nutrition - Promoting Healthy Teeth and Gums: How often should toothbrush be replaced?
Every 3-4 months
Promoting Nutrition - Promoting Healthy Teeth and Gums: Dental sealants are an easy way to protect childs teeth, but how does it work
Plastic coating applied to biting surfaces to seal out tooth decay on the back of the teeth.
Promoting Nutrition - Promoting Healthy Teeth and Gums: What may happen if teeth are crowded, crroked, or misaligned?
Bruxism, or teeth grinding while alseep.
Promoting Appropriate Discipline: Discipline techniques with consequences have what type of consequences
Natural and logical consequences
Promoting Appropriate Discipline: What are natural consequences?
Allow the child to learn the results of his or her action. If they throw toy out window, then they can’t play with the toy anymore
Promoting Appropriate Discipline: What are logical consequences?
If child does not put away their bike, then they don’t get to ride their bike for the rest of the day
Promoting Appropriate Discipline: What may negative actions cause to the child?
Can inhibit learning and teach the child to react unkindly to others.
Common Developmental Concerns - Television, Video Games, Internet: Studies show that the amount of time in front of screen can lead to what
Aggressive behavior, less physical activity, and obesity
Common Developmental Concerns - Television, Video Games, Internet: Current recommendation for screen time per day?
2 hours or less
Common Developmental Concerns - School Refusal: Behaviors here include?
Frequent absences, skipping classes, chronically late for school, and severe misbehavior before school
Common Developmental Concerns - School Refusal: School here may be classified as having what?
School Phobia.
Common Developmental Concerns - School Refusal: What may young children complain of?
Stomachache or headache.
Common Developmental Concerns - School Refusal: What can be done to resolve these problems?
Conduct physical exam to rule out physical illness. Afterwards, they may plan to assist with student overcome a specific fear.
Common Developmental Concerns - Latchkey Children: What are these children?
Those who are left home alone due to their parents working. Have to make several decisions by themselves.
Common Developmental Concerns - Latchkey Children: What feelings may these children feel?
Anxiety, stress, fear, boredom, loneliness, and have lower academic scores
Common Developmental Concerns - Latchkey Children: What must children know if they come home to no supervision?
Must know names, addresses, and phone numbers of parents and a neighbor as well as emergency numbers.
Common Developmental Concerns - Stealing,Lying, Cheating: Why may children between 6-8 year olds steal?
May steal things because they like the look of the item
Common Developmental Concerns - Stealing,Lying, Cheating: How should child feel about stealing at age of 9?
Child should respect others’ possessions and property and udnerstand that stealign is wrong.
Common Developmental Concerns - Stealing,Lying, Cheating: What age group is lying most common in?
Boys between 5-8 years old. q
Common Developmental Concerns - Stealing,Lying, Cheating: Why do these children normally lie?
To get out of punishment . Will tell on others though if they lie
Common Developmental Concerns - Stealing,Lying, Cheating: Concept of cheating is not understood until what age
child is 7 years old . Before that, they just have a desire to win.
Common Developmental Concerns - Stealing,Lying, Cheating: What must parents first realize when attempting to resolve these issues?
Must first realize the importance of their own behaviors in those areas since they are role-models.
Common Developmental Concerns - Bullying: Who is most likely to buly?
Boys are twice as likely to be bullies and victims of bullying
Common Developmental Concerns - Bullying: Problems associated with bullying?
Increased episodes of headaches, stomachaches, sleep problems, anxiety, loneliness, depression.
The successful resolution of developmental tasks for the school-age child, according to Erikson, would be identified by:
Learning from repeating tasks Developing a sense of worth and competence Using fantasy and magical thinking to cope with problems Developing a sense of trust
Developing a sense of worth and competence
Which of the following are reasons that stealing occurs in school-age children? (Choose all that apply.)
To escape punishment
High self-esteem
Low expectations of family/peers
Lack of sense of property
Strong desire to own something
A,D,E
Which activities will promote weight loss in an obese school-age child? (Choose all that apply.)
Unlimited computer and TV time Role modeling by family Becoming active in sports Eating unstructured meals Involving child in meal planning and grocery shopping Drinking three glasses of water per day
B,C,E
As the school nurse conducting screening for vision in a 6-year-old child, you would refer the child to a specialist if the visual acuity in both eyes is:
20/20 20/25 20/30 20/50
20/50
The mother of two sons, ages 6 and 9, states they want to play on the same baseball team. As the school nurse, what advice would you give their mother?
Having the boys on the same team will make it more convenient for the mother. Levels of coordination and concentration differ, so the boys need to be on different teams. Put the boys on the same team because they are both school-age children. It is best to avoid putting the boys on the same team to prevent sibling rivalry.
Levels of coordination and concentration differ, so the boys need to be on different teams.
