Exam 3-Cardiovascular Flashcards

1
Q

BP classes

Normal

A

SBP <120
AND
DBP<80

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2
Q

BP classes

Elevated

A

SBP 120-129
AND
DBP <80

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3
Q

BP classes

HTN Stage 1

A

SBP 130-139
OR
DBP 80-89

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4
Q

BP classes

HTN Stage 2

A

SBP >140
OR
DBP >90

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5
Q

What are the 5 medication classes for CV disease prevention

A
  • diuretics
  • ACE inhibitors
  • ARB (angiotension receptor)
  • CCB
  • beta blockers
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6
Q

Adrenergic Antagonists

Alpha 1

A

inihbits sympathetic activation in arterioles causing vasodilation

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7
Q

Adrenergic Antagonists

Alpha 2

A

decrease sympathetic impulses from CNS to heart and arterioles causing vasodilation

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8
Q

Adrenergic Antagonists

Beta 1

A

decreases HR and contractility causing decrease in BP

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9
Q

Adrenergic Antagonists

Beta 2

A

bronchoconstriction and inhibition of glycogenolysis

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10
Q

African Americans are at increased risk of what?

A

angioedema

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11
Q

Indirect measure of tissue perfusion

A

BP

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12
Q

This drug class is used to treat hypertriglyceridemia only

A

fibrates

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13
Q

This class of drugs are the first line treatment for hyperlipidemia & preventing coronary artery disease

A

statins

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14
Q

Right ventricle pumps to?

A

lungs

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15
Q

Left ventricle pumps to?

A

coronary arteries and then entire body

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16
Q

Cardiac Output equation

A

CO= HR x SV

17
Q

Left sided heart failure complications

10

A
  • pulmonary HTN
  • Tachypnea
  • dyspnea
  • orthopnea
  • hemoptysis
  • crackles/rales
  • cardiomegaly
  • increased HR
  • GI upset, nausea, abd pain
  • decreased peripheral pulses
  • hypoxia
18
Q

Right sided heart failure complications

5

A
  • elevated jugular venous pressure
  • splenomegaly
  • hepatomegaly
  • decreased renal perfusion when upright
  • pitting edema
  • weakness/fatigue
19
Q

inotropic effect =

A

increased cardiac contractility

20
Q

Positive inotropic drugs

A
  • epinephrine, norepinephrine, thyroid hormone (T3, T4), and dopamine.
  • Alpha 1 adrenergic receptor agonists cause vasoconstriction
  • Beta 1 agonists
21
Q

Negative Inotropic drugs

A
  • decrease cardiac contractility
  • quinidine and beta-adrenergic antagonists such as propranolol (Inderal)
  • alpha 2 adrenergic receptor agonists decrease BP through central effects on the vasomotor center
22
Q

What drug causes a cough but ceases when discontinued?

A

ACE inhibitors

23
Q

Primary HTN

A

no identifiable cause

24
Q

Secondary HTN Disease Causes

6

A
  • Cushing’s syndrome
  • primary aldosteronism
  • hyperthyroidism
  • CKD
  • pheochromocytoma
  • obstructive sleep apnea
25
Q

Secondary HTN drug causes

9

A
  • alcohol
  • nicotine
  • decongestants
  • caffeine
  • amphetamines
  • corticosteroids
  • oral contraceptives (OC)
  • erythropoietin
  • NSAIDs
26
Q

Effects of untreated HTN

A

Increased myocardial demand, O2 consumption, vessel inflammation, ASCVD
* CV: LVH, CAD, angina, MI
* Brain: CVA/TIA
* Renal: CKD
* Eye: retinopathy

27
Q

African American HTN treatment

A

thiazide diuretic or CCB