Exam 3-Cardiovascular Flashcards
BP classes
Normal
SBP <120
AND
DBP<80
BP classes
Elevated
SBP 120-129
AND
DBP <80
BP classes
HTN Stage 1
SBP 130-139
OR
DBP 80-89
BP classes
HTN Stage 2
SBP >140
OR
DBP >90
What are the 5 medication classes for CV disease prevention
- diuretics
- ACE inhibitors
- ARB (angiotension receptor)
- CCB
- beta blockers
Adrenergic Antagonists
Alpha 1
inihbits sympathetic activation in arterioles causing vasodilation
Adrenergic Antagonists
Alpha 2
decrease sympathetic impulses from CNS to heart and arterioles causing vasodilation
Adrenergic Antagonists
Beta 1
decreases HR and contractility causing decrease in BP
Adrenergic Antagonists
Beta 2
bronchoconstriction and inhibition of glycogenolysis
African Americans are at increased risk of what?
angioedema
Indirect measure of tissue perfusion
BP
This drug class is used to treat hypertriglyceridemia only
fibrates
This class of drugs are the first line treatment for hyperlipidemia & preventing coronary artery disease
statins
Right ventricle pumps to?
lungs
Left ventricle pumps to?
coronary arteries and then entire body
Cardiac Output equation
CO= HR x SV
Left sided heart failure complications
10
- pulmonary HTN
- Tachypnea
- dyspnea
- orthopnea
- hemoptysis
- crackles/rales
- cardiomegaly
- increased HR
- GI upset, nausea, abd pain
- decreased peripheral pulses
- hypoxia
Right sided heart failure complications
5
- elevated jugular venous pressure
- splenomegaly
- hepatomegaly
- decreased renal perfusion when upright
- pitting edema
- weakness/fatigue
inotropic effect =
increased cardiac contractility
Positive inotropic drugs
- epinephrine, norepinephrine, thyroid hormone (T3, T4), and dopamine.
- Alpha 1 adrenergic receptor agonists cause vasoconstriction
- Beta 1 agonists
Negative Inotropic drugs
- decrease cardiac contractility
- quinidine and beta-adrenergic antagonists such as propranolol (Inderal)
- alpha 2 adrenergic receptor agonists decrease BP through central effects on the vasomotor center
What drug causes a cough but ceases when discontinued?
ACE inhibitors
Primary HTN
no identifiable cause
Secondary HTN Disease Causes
6
- Cushing’s syndrome
- primary aldosteronism
- hyperthyroidism
- CKD
- pheochromocytoma
- obstructive sleep apnea
Secondary HTN drug causes
9
- alcohol
- nicotine
- decongestants
- caffeine
- amphetamines
- corticosteroids
- oral contraceptives (OC)
- erythropoietin
- NSAIDs
Effects of untreated HTN
Increased myocardial demand, O2 consumption, vessel inflammation, ASCVD
* CV: LVH, CAD, angina, MI
* Brain: CVA/TIA
* Renal: CKD
* Eye: retinopathy
African American HTN treatment
thiazide diuretic or CCB
