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histopath > exam 3: bone > Flashcards

exam 3: bone Flashcards

1
Q

formed as a result of attachment of the PDL fibers and passage of vessels and nerves into and out of the PDL

A

cribiform plate
(alveolar bone proper)

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1
Q

this term refers to that bone in which sharpey’s fibers(PDL) are embedded

A

bundle bone

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2
Q

immature bone in which the colagen fiber matrix is randomly oriented.
this type of bone is generally newly formed or deals with healing wounds

A

woven bone

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3
Q

3 things that make woven bone better than mature bone:

A

more cells per unit area
greater volume of non-collagenous protein
forms more rapidly than mature bone

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4
Q

trabecular bone that lies between the cortical plates and within the marrow spaces

A

spongiosa (aka cancellous)

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5
Q

supporting alveolar bone:

A

facial and lingual cortical plates:
lamellar bone
haversian bone
interstitial bone

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6
Q

bone is ____% inorganic and ___% organic

A

67% inorganic
33% organic

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7
Q

inorganic portion of bone

A

ca hydroxyapatite

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8
Q

organic portions of bone:

A

28% collagen and 5% oestocalcin, sialoprotein, phosphoprotein, osteonectin, BMP

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9
Q

cells associated with bone:
1
2
3
4
5
6

A
  1. osteoblast
  2. osteocytes
  3. bone lining cells
  4. chondroblasts
  5. chondrocytes
  6. mesenchymal cells
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10
Q

osteoblast that has been entrapped by it’s own osteoid matrix

A

osteocyte

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11
Q

radiate in all directions and allow diffusion of substances throughout bone

A

canaliculi

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12
Q

processes of the osteocytes travel within the _____ and connect to other osteocytes/osteoblasts allowing cell-to-cell communication. may have some mechanoreception properties as well

A

canaliculi

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13
Q

dense connective tissue, bound to bone by sharpey’s fibers that contains blood vessels, nerves, and three cell layers

A

periosteum

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14
Q

periosteum

-peripheral cell layer of:
-intermediate cell layer of:
-proximal cell layer of:

A

-peripheral cell layer of: fibroblasts
-intermediate cell layer of: undifferentiated mesenchymal cells
-proximal cell layer of: osteoblasts

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15
Q

lines the meduallary cavity and cancellous bone(trabeculae).

thinner than periosteum

A

endosteum

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16
Q

(collagen proteins associated with bone)
fibrillar: ubiquitous in distribution

A

type I

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17
Q

(collagen proteins associated with bone)
fibrillar: primarily a cartilage protein

A

type II

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18
Q

(collagen proteins associated with bone)
fibrillar: granulation and mesenchymal tissues

A

type III

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19
Q

(collagen proteins associated with bone)
fibrillar: stromal connective tissue and promotes celllular attachment and migration

A

type V

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20
Q

(collagen proteins associated with bone)
growth plate: facilitates conversion of cartilage to bone

A

type X

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21
Q

non collagenous proteins associated with bone matrix:
(like 11 answers)

A

osteonectin
osteopontin
osteocalcin
sialoprotein
phosphoprotein
glycoprotein
proteoglycan
bone specific protein
bone morphogenetic protein (BMP)
carboxyglutamic acid containing protein

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22
Q

the non-collagenous matrix proteins of bone are characterized by their:

A

highly acidic nature
high aggregation tendencies
calcium binding properties

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23
Q

process of osteoclast resorption and bone replacement by osteoblast activity.
mostly see in areas of alveolar bone affected by orthodontics

A

in-situ remodeling

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24
Q

bone formation within or between connective tissue membranes consisting of Type I collagen.
bone does NOT replace cartilage as does endochondral bone

A

intramembranous bone formation

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25
Q

bone formation within hyaline cartilage that involves a concomitant replacement of the cartilage framework by bone

A

endochondral bone formation

26
Q

this type of bone formation is found in the inner SPONGY layers of bone, as well as sutures. It is an extremely rapid and disorganized method of bone deposition and allows for growth of the tissues surrounding it

A

intramembranous -bone formation

27
Q

this is an example of intramembranous bone growth

A

woven bone

28
Q

these cells secrete matrix vesicles that mineralize surrounding collagen fibers.
they usually become trapped themselves, becoming osteocytes.

A

osteoblasts

29
Q

5 contents of matrix vesicles:

A

pyrophosphatase
alkaline phosphatase!!!!!!!!
glycoproteins
phosphoproteins
phospholipids

30
Q

this bone formation is mostly seen in the vertebrae, long bones, base of skill, and head of mandible

A

endochondral

31
Q

these cells make the general outline of the final bone shape.
these cells differentiate into cartilage cells (chondroblasts)

A

mesenchymal cells

32
Q

mesenchymal cells differentiate into _____ cells which increase in size, secrete collagen and mineralize it with matrix vesicles

A

chondroblasts (cartilage cells)

during endochondral -bone formation

33
Q

(bone formation-endochondral)
newly formed chondrocytes eventually die. vascular tissue from the surrounding _____ invades the cartilage, allowing chondrocytes and mesenchymal cells to enter the area.

_____ cells eat away cartilage and newly differentiated osteoblasts deposit _____ onto the cartilage. this is mineralized by osteocytes and bone is made.

the growth of these bones is dependant on the growth of the _____ and stops once the cartilage has been:

A

perichondrium

chondrocytes

osteoids

cartilage
removed

34
Q

zones of cellular activity:
1
2
3
4
5
6

A

reserve or resting chondrocytes
proliferation
maturation
hypertrophy and calcification
cartilage degeneration
osteogenesis

35
Q

bone metabolism is controlled systemically by:
locally by:

A

systemically: hormones
locally: mechanical factors, growth factors, cytokines

36
Q

hormones important to bone metabolism include:
1
2
3
4
5

A

PTH
1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D
calcitonin
estrogen
glucocorticoids

37
Q

IL-1
IL-6
BMP-2 and BMP-7
TGF
IGF-1
I and IGF-II
platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)
fibroblast growth factor-betaFGF

A

cytokines and growth factors important to bone metabolism

38
Q

under conditions that favor bone resorption, osteoblasts can be stimulated by cytokines and hormones to produce____ which in turn promotes differentiation of osteoclasts.
examples of stimulating cytokines include:

A

IL-6

IL-II
TNF (tumor necrosis factor-alpha)
prostaglandins E2 (PGE2)
parathyroid hormone PTH
1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D

39
Q

osteoclastic resorption of bone involves the creation of a localized acidic pH to demineralize ______ and a variety of enzymes that degrade the organic bone matrix.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7`

A

hydroxyapatite
(osteoclast mediated resorption)

lactic acid
citric acid
free protons (H+)
acid phosphatase
arycl sulfatase
collagenase MMP
gelatinase MMP

40
Q

CO2 + H2O -> HCO3- + H+

reaction is catalyzed by

A

carbonic anhyrase

41
Q

architecture (shape) of the tooth-associated FACIAL AND LINGUAL cortical bone is dictate by:
1
2
3
4

A

facial-lingual alignment of teeth
mesial to distal contour of the CEJ
facial-lingual width of teeth
presence of enamel pearls or cervical enamel projections

42
Q

architecture (shape) of the INTERPROXIMAL alveolar bone is dictated by:
1
2
3
4
5

A

facial to lingual contour of the CEJ
mesial or distal tilt of the tooth
root proximity
presence of enamel pearls
state of tooth eruption

43
Q

an isolated “port-hole” in the cortical bone that allows exposure of the underlying root surface

A

fenestration

44
Q

denuded area of cortical bone that extends through the marginal bone creating a “cleft-like” defect

A

dehiscence

45
Q

area of bone formation that exceeds the average for a given anatomical area. the term is generally used in reference to the maxillary facial and lingual and mandibular facial

A

exostosis

46
Q

an area of bone formation that exceeds the average for a given anatomical area. the term is used in reference to the mandibular lingual or midline of the palate

A

torus/tori

47
Q

asymptomatic-causing painless expansion of bone

single lesion either multi or unilocular
(often confused with ameloblastoma or periapical granuloma or periapical cyst)

A

giant cell tumor

48
Q

histology characterized by presence of numerous multinucleated giant cells in a stroma of ovoid and spindle shaped mesenchymal cells

A

giant cell tumor

49
Q

malignancy of plasma cell origin that accounts for nearly 50% of all malignancies involving bone

A

multiple myeloma

50
Q

in multiple myeloma, the abnormal plasma cells are typically

A

monoclonal (arise from a single cell)

51
Q

patients with this suffer kidney failure due to overload of circulating light chain protein (bence jones protein!!) produced by the abnormal plasma cells

A

multiple myeloma

52
Q

histology of this shows monotonous sheets of neoplastic, variably differentiated, plasmacytoid cells that invade and replace normal host tissue

A

multiple myeloma

53
Q

“punched out” areas in the cranium
such areas are filled with the neoplastic plasmacytoid cells

A

multiple myeloma

54
Q

malignancy of mesenchymal cells that have the ability to produce osteoid or immature bone

A

osteogenic sarcoma

55
Q

radiographic findings vary from dense sclerosis to a mixed sclerotic-radiolucent lesion.
about 25% of lesions exhibit a sunburst pattern

A

osteogenic sarcoma

56
Q

enbryonic origin of
enamel
dentin
cementum
bone

A

enamel- ectoderm
dentin- mesenchyme and ectosenchyme
cementum- mesenchyme and ectomesenchyme
bone- mesenchyme and ectomesenchyme

57
Q

matrix forming cell
enamel
dentin
cementum
bone

A

ameloblast
odontoblast
cementoblast
osteoblast

58
Q

mechanism of growth
enamel
dentin
cementum
bone

A

appositional

bone- appositional and interstitial

59
Q

% mineral
enamel
dentin
cementum
bone

A

enamel 96%
dentin 65-70%
cementum 45-50%
bone 60-67%

60
Q

blood supply
enamel
dentin
cementum
bone

A

all none but bone yes

61
Q

innervation
enamel
dentin
cementum
bone

A

all none but bone yes

62
Q

intercellular space
enamel
dentin
cementum
bone

A

enamel- none
dentin- dentinal tubules
cementum- lacunae and canaliculi
bone- lacunae and canaliculi

histopath (13 decks)

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