exam 2: gingival fiber ligament (GFL) and periodontal ligament (PDL)

Question 1

functions of the GFL- gingival fiber ligament:

1. provides rigidity and density to the

Answer 1

marginal gingiva

Question 2

functions of the GFL- gingival fiber ligament:
2. act as a periosteum for the

Answer 2

interproximal crestal alveolar bone

Question 3

functions of the GFL- gingival fiber ligament:
3. provide one-half of the _____-width

Answer 3

1/2 biologic width

Question 4

functions of the GFL- gingival fiber ligament:
4. act as a protective barrier for the crestal alveolar bone against the spread of

Answer 4

gingival inflammation

Question 5

functions of the GFL- gingival fiber ligament:
5. inhibit the apical migration of the

Answer 5

junctional epithelium

Question 6

GFL fiber groups

Answer 6

1. dentogingival
2. dentoperiosteal
3. alveologingival
4. transseptal
5. semicircular
6. transgingival
7. circular

Question 7

where is the area of the biological width

Answer 7

area of junctional epithelium and gingival fiber ligament attached to the root of a tooth

Question 8

biological width extends from the most coronal attachment of the junctional epithelium to the

Answer 8

crestal alveolar bone

Question 9

violation of the biological width due to placement of overextended restoration margins will result in __________________ and with time, induce loss of supporting alveolar bone with formation of a diseased _____________

Answer 9

chronic inflammation

diseased periodontal pocket

Question 10

5 functions of the PDL

Answer 10

supportive
regenerative
nutritional
sensory
protective

Question 11

the PDL is derived from the ectomesenchymal cells (neural crest) in the _________ zone of the dental follicle

Answer 11

intermediate zone

Question 12

PDL development.

Cells in the most peripheral zone (outer) of the dental follicle give rise to the:

cells in the most proximal (inner) give rise to:

Answer 12

outer(peripheral=alveolar bone proper

inner(proximal)=cementoblasts

Question 13

(insertion of the PDL in cementum: SEM)

the indifferent fiber plexus (arrows) consists of small diameter collagen in ____________that provide support for the principle fibers group

Answer 13

random orientation

Question 14

resident cell populations of the PDL
1
2
3
4
5
6
7

Answer 14

1. fibroblasts
2. osteoblasts
3. cementoblasts
4. macrophages
5. undifferentiated mesenchymal cells
6. endothelial cells
7. epithelial cells

Question 15

PDL fiber groups
1
2
3
4
5

Answer 15

alveolar crest
horizontal
oblique
apical
interradicular

Question 16

PDL fiber group that
resist vertical force

Answer 16

apical

Question 17

PDL fiber group that
resist intrusive force

Answer 17

oblique

Question 18

PDL fiber group that
resist horizontal and tipping force

Answer 18

horizontal

Question 19

PDL fiber group that
resist vertical force

Answer 19

alveolar crest

Question 20

PDL fiber group that
resist vertical and lateral force

Answer 20

interradicular

Question 21

all PDL fiber groups resist what forces

Answer 21

rotational

Question 22

GFL fiber group that
resist tooth separation
1
2

Answer 22

transeptal and semicircular

Question 23

GFL fiber groups that
resist gingival displacement
1
2
3
4

Answer 23

dentogingival
alveologingival
circumferential
semicircular

Question 24

orthodontic relapse:
1
2
3

Answer 24

transseptal fibers
semicircular fibers
PDL principle fiber groups

Question 25

the PDL interstitial spaces are a source of mesenchymal cells that can differentiate into:

Answer 25

cementoblasts osteoblasts fibroblasts

Question 26

-regeneration and repair of cementum following injury -continuous physiologic deposition of cementum

Answer 26

cementoblasts

Question 27

-continuous physiologic remodeling of supporting alveolar bone -regeneration and repair of bone following orthodontic therapy or disease

Answer 27

osteoblasts

Question 28

-various phenotypes of fibroblasts are involved in collagen production and physiologic collagen degradation

Answer 28

fibroblasts

Question 29

fusion of CEMENTUM directly with the surrounding ALVEOLAR BONE without the intervening PDL -usually reparative response to PDL injury

Answer 29

ankylosis

Question 30

if the degree of injury is SIGNIFICANT and the cells that respond are from the surrounding alveolar bone the result will be: if the injury is SLIGHT and responding cells are from PDL (undifferentiated cells), result would be:

Answer 30

significant= ankylosis slight= cells can regenerate all tissues involved in tooth support and PDL will be restored

Question 31

wound healing of PDL is similar to trauma response of PDL: 1. undifferentiated cells migrate into the area as ________ and PMN's remove damaged tissues 2. these 2 cells replace the damaged tissue 3. a mast cell response is present in which ______ and _____ are released- this inflammatory response helps necessary cell reach their target

Answer 31

1. macrophages 2. fibroblasts and osteoblasts 3. heparin and histamine

Question 32

(guided tissue regeneration) the membrane excludes ___________ from the deeper part of the wound and allows only cells from existing PDL to repopulate the wound

Answer 32

gingival epithelium

Question 33

remains of Hetwig's root sheath- duct like appearance and purpose unknown

Answer 33

epithelial rests of malassez

Question 34

this typically occurs along the lateral root surface -arise from epithelial rests (rest of malassez in PDL) when stimulated -remove surgically

Answer 34

lateral periodontal cyst

Question 35

GINGIVAL CYST is derived from odontogenic epithelium located in the connective tissues of the gingiva known as the

Answer 35

epithelial rests of Serres

Question 36

orthodontic tooth movement results in compression of the PDL on the side of the root corresponding to the direction of movement. compression of the PDL results in loss of: and resorption of: the PDL on the root opposite the compression side is characterized by _____ or ______ of the PDL principle fibers. controlled tension results in bone apposition

Answer 36

loss of principle fiber orientation and resorption of adjacent bone tension or stretching of PDL

Question 37

excessive functional stresses placed on a tooth by an antagonist (or removable prosthesis) that exceeds the limits of physiologic adaptation

Answer 37

trauma from occlusion

Question 38

1. resorption of alveolar bone parallel to the long axis of the root 2. PDL that is wider 3. tooth mobility

Answer 38

trauma from occlusion

Question 39

tooth with no occlusal antagonist will exhibit: 1 2 3 4

Answer 39

(diuse atrophy) 1. decrease in density of bony trabeculae 2. decreased width of PDL 3. loss of orientation of principle fibers of PDL 4. increased volume of bone marrow spaces