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histopath > embryology and facial development (proliferation period 0-3 weeks) > Flashcards

embryology and facial development (proliferation period 0-3 weeks) Flashcards

1
Q

stages of human development:

A
  1. proliferation period 0-3 weeks
  2. embryonic period 3-8 weeks
  3. fetal development period (9 weeks to term)
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2
Q

fertilization of ovum yields

A

zygote (two haploid cells come together and form this) full of genetic material

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3
Q

mitotic cleavage of zygote forms

A

blastomeres

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4
Q

greater than or equal to 32 blastomeres is called a

A

morula

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5
Q

the 64 cell stage morula develops an internal:

A

blastocystic cavity

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6
Q

when the 64 cell stage morula develops an internal blastocystic cavity and thereafter is referred to as a

A

blastocyst

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7
Q

blastocyst also develops an inner cell mass at days

A

6-7

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8
Q

after blastocyst develops an inner cell mass at days 6-7, it is then referred to as the

A

embryoblast

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9
Q

implantation of the embryoblast in the _______ begins at day ____ and is complete at day ____

A

in the uterine wall
begins day 4
ends day 10

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10
Q

inner cell mass of the embryoblast transitions into the

A

bilaminar embryonic disc (two layers)

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11
Q

once inner cell mass of embryoblast transitions into bilaminar embryonic disc, the outer cell mass becomes the ____________ and __________ layers which are precursor to the placenta

A

cytotrophoblast (inner) and syntrophoblast (outer)

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12
Q

what are finger like projections that come off blastocyst and attach to uterine wall?

A

syncytiotrophoblasts

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13
Q

layers of bilaminar embryonic disc

A

epiblast layer (top)
hypoblast layer (bottom)

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14
Q

two parts of epiblast:
one part of hypoblast:

A

epiblast: ectoderm and mesoderm

hypoblast: endoderm

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15
Q

formation of bilaminar now creates two cavities called

A

yolk sac-bottom
amniotic cavity-top

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16
Q

structures assoc. with bilaminar embryonic disc

A

epiblast layer top
hypoblast layer bottom
amniotic cavity top
blastocyst cavity bottom
syntrophoblasts outer
cytotrophoblasts inner

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17
Q

enlargement of the amniotic cavity and migration of cells out of the hypoblast to form

A

heuser’s membrane

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18
Q

heuser’s membrane will form the

A

internal lining of the blastocyst cavity aka yolk sac

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19
Q

cell layers:

A

epiblast
embryonic mesoderm
hypoblast

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20
Q

embryonic cavities

A

amniotic
yolk sac
chorionic (ingulfs entire blastocyst)

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21
Q

during the 3rd week of development, the bilaminar embryonic disc is characterized by formation of the

A

primitive streak
notochord
neural tube

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22
Q

the 3 distinct embryonic germ layers

A

ectoderm (formerly by epiblast layer)
mesoderm
endoderm (formerly hypoblast layer)

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23
Q

primitive streak made of

A

pit, node, groover

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24
Q

pre-notochordal cells invaginate within the _____________ and migrate towards the cephalad until they reach the ________

A

primitive node
prechordal plate

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25
then, once the pre-notochordal cells reach the prechordal plate, they detach themselves from the ectodermal layer (formerly epiblast layer) to line within the mesoderm forming the
notochord
26
what functions as a primitive skeletal support of the embryo around which the axial skeleton later forms
notochord
27
notochord also induces formation of _______, the precursors of the vertebral column, ribs, associated back muscles and overlying dermis
somites
28
notochord is formed from ectodermal cells derived from the: the ectodermal cells then migrate within the _________- to their appropriate midline position.
primitive node mesodermal layer
29
parts of mesoderm and what they are:
paraxial- around the middle intermediate- further up lateral plate- divided up into parietal and visceral
30
derivatives of mesoderm. paraxial mesoderm= intermediate mesoderm=
derivatives of mesoderm. paraxial mesoderm= somites intermediate mesoderm= urogenital system
31
derivatives of mesoderm. lateral plate: parietal mesoderm= visceral mesoderm=
parietal= mesothelial (serous) membranes that cover the peritoneal, pleural and pericardial cavities visceral= forms thin serous membranes that cover individual organs, stomach, pancreas, spleen, etc
32
derivatives of ectoderm:
-epidermis, hair nails -epithelium of oral and nasal cavities and paranasal sinuses -salivary ad endocrine glands -nervous system -tooth enamel
33
derivatives of endoderm:
GI tract epithelium and associated glands
34
corners of when and where the neural fold begins to fold
neural crest cells
35
as neuron crest cells begin to be pulled down, they come together and form: while the neural fold goes down and begins forming the: which ends up being your:
intermediate zone of neural crest (then when neural tube formed, some become dorsal root ganglion neural fold begin forming neural tube spinal column!
36
neural tube related developmental defects: 1. folic acid deficiency= 2. extrusion of dura and arachnoid mater= 3. extrusion of neural tissue plus all 3 meninges= 4. extrusion of a ventricular cistern plus neural tissue= 5. fatal defect characterized by lack of development of cranium and brain=
1. spina bifida 2. meningocele 3. meningomyelocele 4. meningoencephalocele 5. anencephaly
37
spina bifida and meningocele are examples of:
mild defec
38
sever defect is: more severe:
meningomyelocele meningohydroencephalocele
39
fatal defect
anencephaly
40
neural crest cells aka
ectomesenchyme or neuroectoderm (basically make everything- embryonic period 3-8 weeks)
41
rings that form one on top of each other each stack contains:
branchial/pharyngeal arches contains: nerve, artery and cartilage
42
branchial/pharyngeal arches. 1st branchial groove/cleft
external auditory canal
43
branchial/pharyngeal arches. 1st branchial pouch
eustachian tube
44
2nd branchial pouch
palatine tonsils
45
3rd branchial pouch
inferior parathyroids/thymus
46
4th branchial pouch
superior parathyroids/ultimobranchial body
47
inside branchial/pharyngeal arches: outside:
inside: pharyngeal pouch outside: pharyngeal cleft (groove)
48
what day? start to form -mandibular prominance -maxillary prominance -lower and upper limb bud
32 day
49
what day? start to form external acoustic meatus auricular hilocks wrist region heart prominence digital rays pigmented eyes
41
50
what day? start to form elbow region notches between digits external ear
48
51
what day? start to form eyelid ear webbed fingers scalp vascular early umbilical herniation
51
52
development of face made of 4 different processes
mandibular process maxillary process lateral nasal process median nasal process
53
defective fusion of what two things results in cleft lip
medial nasal process and maxillary process
54
defective fusion of what results in cleft palate
palatine shelves
55
fusion of the medial nasal process with the maxillary process normally occcurs at
5-6 weeks of gestation
56
fusion of the palatine shelves normally begins during what week of gestation and is comepleted by what week
start 8 week finish 12 week
57
% of all clefts are combined cleft lip/cleft palate % of cases are isolated cleft palate % of cases are isolated cleft lip
45% of all clefts are combined cleft lip/cleft palate 30% of cases are isolated cleft palate 25% of cases are isolated cleft lip
58
known teratogens involved in congenital malformations drugs:
ethanol tetracycline dilantin lithium warfarin retinoic acid androgens progesterone thalidomide methotrexate
59
known teratogens involved in congenital malformations chemicals
methylmercury polychlorinated biphenyls
60
known teratogens involved in congenital malformations radiation
high levels of ionizing radiation
61
what develops at line of fusion between palatine shelves and primary plate
nasopalatine duct cyst
62
cerival sinus usually goes away by week 7 formation, but if it doesnt it will form a
cyst! called brachial cleft cyst or branchial fistula
63
what adult structures does the branchial arch #1 make for the tongue
-anterior 2/3 of tongue -origin of thyroid ectoderm -overgrown by lateral lingual swellings
64
what branchial arch makes these intermediate structutes:
-median tongue bud -foramen cecum -lateral lingual swellings
65
what adult structure does the branchial arch #2 make
overgrown by hypobranchial eminence
66
intermediate structures: copula/tuberculum impar
branchial arch 2
67
branchial arch 3 adult structure
posterior 1/3 of tongue
68
branchial arch that has no adult arches and makes minor contributions to hypobranchial eminence
branchial arch 4
69
innervation. arch 1
cnv- sensory to anterior 2/3 of tongue
70
innervation. acrh 2
facial -special sensory (taste) to ant 2/3 via chorda tympani branch
71
innervation. arch 3
glossopharyngeal sensory to posterior 1/3
72
innervation. arch 4
vagus sensory to extreme posterior 1/3 via superior laryngeal branch
73
innervation. arch 6
hypoglossal xii motor to all tongue muscles
74
was thought to represent a portion of tuberculum impar (branchial arch 2) that persists, but now is considered to be a result of a fungal infection
median rhomboid glossitis
75
location where thyroid gland is going to invaginate, form a ball of cells, and travel down to midline of neck. and this is
foramen cecum this is thyroglossal duct cyst
76
failure of thyroglossal duct to involute can lead to
thyroglossal duct cyst ectopic lingual thyroid
77
cartilage for first arch
meckels cartilage (mandible, maleus, incus)
78
cartilage for second arch
reichert's cartilage (stapes, styloid process, stylohyoid ligament, lesser horn of hyoid)
79
cartilage for 3rd arch
greater horn of hyoid
80
cartilage for arch 4
thyroid cartilage
81
external ear formation made up of
6 processes called hillocks
82

histopath (13 decks)

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