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ANIMSCI 2200.01 > Exam 3 - Basics Of Genetics > Flashcards

Exam 3 - Basics Of Genetics Flashcards

1
Q

What is the science of genetics concerned with

A

The inheritance or the transmission of biological material from parents to offspring

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2
Q

Gene

A

Unit of inheritance

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3
Q

Genome

A

Complete genetic material of the organism

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4
Q

Genotype

A

Genes of a given individual

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5
Q

Somatic cells

A

Most cells present throughout the body containing two copies of each chromosome

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6
Q

Sister chromatids

A

Identical copies of the DNA joined together by the centromere

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7
Q

Number of chromosomes in humans

A

46

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8
Q

Number of homologous pairs in humans

A

23

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9
Q

The complete genetic material of the organism is the genome, and the genome is dispersed across ________. The number of __________ is _______ ___________

A

Chromosomes; chromosomes; species dependent

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10
Q

Karyotype

A

Number and type of chromosomes that make up an individual’s genome

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11
Q

What are autonomies

A

Non sex-chromosomes

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12
Q

Gametes

A

Reproductive cells in which chromosomes exist as only a single copy

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13
Q

The first meiotic division is a _______ ________

A

Reduction division

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14
Q

Inheritance

A

Transfer of genetic material from parents to offspring

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15
Q

Gregor Mendel

A

Father of modern genetics, pea plants

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16
Q

What are the two distinct factors that control inherited characteristics

A

One from the male parent, one from the female parent

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17
Q

T or F Traits bust be observed to be passed to the next generation

A

False; traits may not be observed in an individual but can be passed to the next generation

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18
Q

Name the 2 laws of inheritance

A

Law of segregation, independent assortment

19
Q

Meiosis: result of cell division 1

A

1 diploid cell becomes 2 haploid daughter cells

20
Q

Meiosis: Cell division 2

A

2 haploid cells become 4 haploid daughter cells

21
Q

Law of segregation

A

Only one randomly closed chromosome is found within a gamete

22
Q

Independent assortment

A

Alleles of genes on non homologous chromosomes sort independently into the final gamete

23
Q

Alleles

A

Are different forms of genes at a locus on corresponding homologous chromosomes

24
Q

AA, Aa, aa

A

Known as the genotype

25
Q

4 modes of inheritance

A

Dominant and recessive, incomplete/partial dominance, co-dominance, sex-inherited traits

26
Q

Dominant alleles (A) ________ recessive alleles (a) and ________ _________ of the gene at the corresponding loci on the homologous pair

A

Overpower; prevent expression

27
Q

Recessive alleles (a) represent the corresponding gene code that is ‘________’ by the dominant allele (A) at the corresponding loci

A

Masked

28
Q

Incomplete/partial dominance

A

The allele is expressed in a dose dependent manner

29
Q

Co-dominance

A

Neither allele masks the other and both are expressed in heterozygous state

30
Q

When co-dominance occurs and an animal inherits red color gene from one parent and white color gene from the other parent it is expressed as ________ color in the ____________ ________

A

Roan; heterozygous state

31
Q

The three different types of sex-inherited traits

A

Sex-linked, sex-limited, sex-influenced

32
Q

________ are patterns of inheritance as simply as complete dominance

A

Rarely

33
Q

Sex-linked

A

When a gene is found within regions of the X chromosome that do not share homologous with the Y chromosome

34
Q

In all female mammalian cells, at a certain point during embryogenesis, one of the two ___ chromosome in every cell is __________ __________/__________

A

X; randomly inactivated/deleted

35
Q

A female cat with heterozygous XbXB will be a ___________ of __________ and ________

A

Patchwork; orange; black

36
Q

Sex-limited

A

Traits limited to only one sex even though both sexes carry the trait

37
Q

While both makes and females carry genes that underscore this train, only the females express the genes for this trait (an example of sex-limited traits)

A

Milk production in females

38
Q

Sex-influenced

A

Reciprocal expression of the trait occurs in males compared to females

39
Q

Sex-influenced traits of a male sheep

A

Horned allele is dominant, polled is recessive, in heterozygous state horned is expressed

40
Q

Sex-influenced traits of a female sheep

A

Polled allele is dominant, horned is recessive, in heterozygous state polled is expressed

41
Q

Epistasis

A

Expression of one gene is controlled by gene at a different locus

42
Q

Lab color will be dertimined by the ______ loci (B) and the ________ pigment loci (E)

A

Black; extension

43
Q

There there is a dominant E at the extension loci the lab will be either ________ or ___________

A

Black; chocolate

ANIMSCI 2200.01 (8 decks)

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