Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

ANIMSCI 2200.01 > Chapter 2 PHYS > Flashcards

Chapter 2 PHYS Flashcards

1
Q

What is Homeostasis?

A

The tendency for living things to maintain a state of relative stability

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Examples of homeostasis

A

Energy regulation, temperature regulation, breathing patterns, blood flow

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is the functional unit of animal life

A

The cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What do the cell properties include?

A

Homeostasis, growth, reproduction, absorption, metabolism, secretion, irritability, conductivity, and contractility

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is Hypertrophy?

A

An increase in the size of a structure due to an increase in individual cell size or mass

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Hyperplasia

A

An increase in the size of a structure due to an increase in the number of cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Atrophy

A

A decrease in the size of a cell or organ

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Aplasia

A

Failure of a tissue or organ to properly develop

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Hypoplasia

A

Incomplete development or defective development of a tissue or organ

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Reproduction

A

Development of new individuals of the same species

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Reproduction in regards to cells

A

Reproduction that implies the ability to produce more cells or more organisms that are essentially the same as the original cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Absorption

A

The process of taking dissolved materials or water through the cell membrane into the substance of the cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Absorption: a passive process

A

Dependent on the forces of diffusion and osmosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Absorption: an active process

A

Requires the expenditure of energy from adenosine triphosphate (ATP)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Absorption: the result of electrochemical ionic forces

A

Affinities that require no direct energy expenditure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Endocytosis

A

When the exterior cell membrane moves to surround extracellular materials in a membrane pocket allowing extracellular materials to enter a cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Phagocytosis

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Pinocytosis

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Metabolism

A

The sum physical and biochemical reactions occurring in each cell, and therefore the entire animal (this can also be described as the use of food for energy)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Anabolic

A

A reaction that builds and maintains cellular components, small molecules are assembled into large ones, energy is required

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Catabolic

A

Reactions that break down cellular components, large molecules are broken down into small ones, energy is released

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Secretion

A

A process by which substances are produced and discharged from a cell, gland, or organ for a particular function in the organism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Exocytosis

A

Removal of a substances that was in a cell, secreted to the outside of the cell
(Opposite of endocytosis)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Irritability (or excitability)

A

The property of being able to react to a stimulus or stimuli

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Conductivity

A

The property of transmitting an electrical impulse from one point in the cell to another point in the cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Contractility

A

The ability to shorten or lengthen a cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Where are stimuli detected

A

By receptors, sensory cells, sense organs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Compositionally what do animal cells consist

A

Water, protein, lipid, carbohydrates, and inorganic matter

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

What’s a major purpose of lean muscle tissue in a mammals body

A

Contractility, movement

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

What is the primary function of fat tissue in an animals body

A

Energy storage in the form or lipids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

What is the primary function of bone tissue in an animals body

A

Storage of inorganic matter that our body needs to function (ca phos mg)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

What are the size of animal cells

A

Animal cells range in diameter from about 10 microns to 100 microns

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

Outer cell membrane/plasma cell membrane

A

Within the cell, primarily consist of phospholipids, proteins, and cholesterol

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

Phospholipids

A

Arranged with their polar (hydrophilic) ends facing the protein layers, while their non polar (hydrophobic) ends face each other in the center of the membrane

35
Q

What does the outer cell membrane/plasma membrane consist of?

A

Primarily consist of proteins, phospholipids and cholesterol

36
Q

Integral proteins

A

Firmly inserted into the membrane among the phospholipids

37
Q

Transmembrane proteins

A

Exposed to both the cytosine inside the cell and the extracellular fluid surrounding the cell

38
Q

Peripheral proteins

A

Bound to the surface of the membrane

39
Q

Cholesterol

A

Found between the phospholipid molecules and adjusts the fluidity and flexibility of the membrane

40
Q

Cell adhesion molecules

A
41
Q

Simple and facilitated diffusion

A
42
Q

Concentration gradient

A
43
Q

Permeable

A

The channel permits the passage of a given molecule

44
Q

Osmosis

A

The movement of water across membranes

45
Q

Aquaporins

A
46
Q

Osmotic pressure

A
47
Q

Active transport

A
48
Q

Against active transport

A
49
Q

Active transport

A

Movement across the cell membrane consumes energy produced by the cell

50
Q

Cation

A

Positive ion

51
Q

Anion

A

Negative ion

52
Q

Electrical potential

A
53
Q

Membrane potential

A

The measurable voltage difference across the membrane is the membrane potential

54
Q

Excitable cells

A

Nerve cells (neurons) and muscle cells (myocytes)

55
Q

Action potential

A
56
Q

Depolarization

A
57
Q

Propagation

A

The movement of action potentials

58
Q

Ligand

A

The general term applied to any chemical that is capable of interacting with, or binding to, a membrane protein or membrane receptor

59
Q

Ligand - receptor reversible relationship

A

Most LR interactions are reversible due to relatively weak chemical attractions

60
Q

Ligand - receptor specificity relationship

A

Receptors demonstrate preference for certain ligands

61
Q

Ligand - receptor affinity relationship

A

The strength of the LR interactions

62
Q

Ligand - receptor saturation relationship

A

When all receptors are occupied with ligands

63
Q

Nucleus

A

Contains the genetic material of the cell encoded in the molecules of DNA

64
Q

Chromatin

A
65
Q

Nucleoli

A

Consists largely of clustered DNA for ribosomal RNA transcription, processing and ribosome assembly, seen as densely staining spherical bodies in the nucleus

66
Q

DNA chains

A

The genetic material necessary to direct cellular functions

67
Q

How are chains of DNA formed

A

By joining small units called nucleotides

68
Q

What does a nucleotide contain

A

Phosphate, sugar (deoxyribose) and either purine or pyrimidine base

69
Q

What are the three forms of RNA needed to interpret genetic code and synthesize proteins

A

Messenger RNA (mRNA), transfer RNA (tRNA), and ribosomal RNA (rRNA)

70
Q

What are the basis of many areas of study in genetic engineering and biotechnology

A

DNA and RNA

71
Q

What is mitosis

A

The division of somatic cells to produce two daughter cells, includes the duplication of genetic material for each daughter cell

72
Q

Interphase

A
73
Q

Prophase

A

Chromosomes pair up

74
Q

Prometaphase

A
75
Q

Metaphase

A

Chromosomes line up at the equator, miotic spindle

76
Q

Anaphase

A

Sister chromatids pulled apart

77
Q

Telophase

A

Cell pinches in the middle

78
Q

Meiosis (reduction division)

A

Specialized type of cell division that reduces the chromosome number by half, creating four haploid cells, each genetically distinct from the parent cell that gave rise to them

79
Q

When does meiosis occur

A

During gametogenesis

80
Q

Oogenesis

A
81
Q

Spermatogenesis

A
82
Q

Number of chromosomes in each gamete after meiosis

A

1n

83
Q

Apoptosis

A

Spontaneous or programmed death of normal cells

ANIMSCI 2200.01 (8 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions