Chapter 1 Flashcards
Are meat products more or less energy dense than an herbivore diet?
Meat products are more energy dense
How does eating meat effect gut size, brain size, and digestion?
When consuming meat there is a decreased gut size, increased brain size and it is less labor intensive to digest meat
What percentage of the U.S. consume some sort of animal product?
Approximately 97%
What is the most common source of dietary calories worldwide?
Cereal grains
What is the most common source of protein worldwide?
Cereal grains
Give three examples of ways in which humans rely on animals.
Food, transportation, fibers
Which animal contributed most significantly to the development of the polio vaccine?
Primates
After cow milk, what type of milk is the most consumed worldwide?
Water buffalo
Is calculating food disappearance an exact calculation, why or why not?
No, it is an overestimation that doesn’t take food waste into consideration, represents a snapshot
Looking at total protein consumption, what is the U.S. contribution of meat to total protein compared to other diets across the globe?
The wold gets most of its proteins from cereal grains while the united states gets most of its protein from animal products. United states receives 2/3 of its protein from animal products, therefore 70% of the U.S. protein supply originates from animal product consumption
Which animal helped isolate and purify insulin
Cattle
When was the mouse genome sequenced?
2002
What does the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act of 1938 require?
Animal safety testing of products intended for humans
How does consumption of meat change based on development status of a country?
Developed countries eat 2-2.5x the consumption of meat/dairy products than undeveloped countries
What is the greatest contributor to annual dairy consumption?
Beverage milk/fluid milk
What is the trend we are seeing with milk and cheese consumption over the past years?
Cheese consumption is increasing, milk consumption is decreasing
What fiber do rabbits produce?
Angora
What fiber do sheep produce?
Wool
What is the most widely used natural animal fiber?
Sheep’s wool
What fiber do goats produce?
Cashmere and mohair
Where do specialized fibers come from?
Llamas, alpacas, camels and yaks
What animals are used most in research?
Mice and rats
Why mice and rats for research?
Affordable, prolific, reach maturity quickly, easy to care for
Are rats and mice used in research covered by the Animal Welfare Act?
No
What is the correlation between scientific knowledge and the use of animals in research?
The more you know scientifically the less you oppose of research on animals
What are the three R’s of research
Replacement, reduction, refinement
Why are animals still used for transportation?
Cultural differences, terrain
Why are animals still used for land management?
They are used in places where the land can’t support heavy machinery, a lack of sophisticate infrastructure and where the terrain is better suited for animals
Draft animals are a ______ and a _______ technology
renewable, affordable
How much of earth is suited for crop production
Only 1/3 is suited for agriculture and only 1/3 of that is suitable for crop production
What influences animal use?
Media, convenience, value, beliefs, perceptions, risk, economics, environmental impacts
The U.S. consumes more of this animal meat product than beef
Chicken
This type of monkey is an herbivore and has a large gut to accommodate a lot of plant matter
Proboscis
The Beagle Brigade is an example of this way in which we use animals
Service
Though only accounting for 14% of the world’s milk consumption, this animal’s milk accounts for 60% of India’s milk consumption
Water buffalo
This fiber comes from goats to make soft sweater that have a high price tag
Cashmere
Some, but not all, species are covered under this piece of legislation
Animal Welfare Act
What is another word for Per Capital Consumption?
Food disappearance
Consumption of this animal meat product has trended downward over the last decade
Veal
