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Microbiology > Exam 3 Bacterial Diseases of the Skin > Flashcards

Exam 3 Bacterial Diseases of the Skin Flashcards

1
Q

Trauma to any tissue of the body which allow microbes to infect the deeper tissues of the body

A

Wounds

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2
Q

Pus-filled pockets in the skin resulting from bacterial infection

A

Abscesses

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3
Q

Abscesses are often called this, but it is not the same as acne

A

Pimple

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4
Q

Large, painful raised nodular extension of folliculitis into surrounding tissue

A

Furuncle or boil

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5
Q

Coalescence of several furuncles, extends deeper into tissues and can spread and involve multiple organs/systems

A

Carbuncle

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6
Q

A type of skin abscess that involves the hair follicle

A

Folliculitis

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7
Q

Folliculitis involving the eyelid base

A

Sty

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8
Q

Abscesses and folliculitis is most likely caused by this genus of bacteria

A

Staphylococcus

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9
Q

This species is the most predominant bacteria found on the skin

A

Staphylococcus epidermidis

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10
Q

This species of Staph is most likely to cause infection

A

Staphylococcus aureus

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11
Q

This is when you transfer infection from one part of the body to another

A

Auto-inoculation

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12
Q

This organism causes Hot Tub Folliculitis

A

Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Swim”pseud” for swimming

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13
Q

What is the appearance of Hot Tub Folliculitis

A

Small pimples on stomach, buttocks, arms, and legs from 6 hrs to 5 days after hot tub

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14
Q

When does Hot Tub Folliculitis go away?

A

On its own 7-10 days later

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15
Q

This disease has characteristic reddening of skin, large blisters, and skin peels off in sheets

A

Staphylococcal Scalded Skin Syndrome

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16
Q

In scalded skin syndrome, describe the fluid in the blisters

A

Fluid lacks bacteria or WBCs

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17
Q

What is the organism responsible for scalded skin syndrome

A

Staphylococcus aureus

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18
Q

Scalded skin syndrome is predominant in which age group?

A

Infants

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19
Q

What is the main diagnosis of scalded skin syndrome?

A

Sloughing of skin

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20
Q

What is the treatment for scalded skin syndrome?

A

Antibiotics and usually requires hospitalization

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21
Q

Describe the prevention of scalded skin syndrome?

A

Prevention is difficult given prevalence of S aureus

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22
Q

This is skin infection involving top layers of skin, red patches, pus-filled vesicles, and common in children

A

Impetigo

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23
Q

Describe the pus-filled vesicles in impetigo

A

Fluid contains bacteria and WBCs

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24
Q

This disease is a fiery red rash with raised borders, 80% on legs, and skin will be hot and red

A

Erysipelas

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25
Q

What is the pathogen that causes 80% of impetigo and some erysipelas

A

S aureus

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26
Q

What is the pathogen that causes most of erysipelas and some of impetigo

A

Streptococcus pyogenes

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27
Q

What is the name for pus-filled vesicles that crust

A

Pyoderma

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28
Q

How is impetigo and erysipelas transmitted?

A

Person-to-person contact or via fomites

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29
Q

What is the age group of those infected by impetigo?

A

Children

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30
Q

What is the age group of those infected by erysipelas?

A

Infants and young children or elderly patients

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31
Q

What is the diagnosis for impetigo?

A

Presence of vesicles

32
Q

This is a very serious disease that starts with big, purplish-red blisters and will eventually destroy muscle and fat tissue

A

Necrotizing Fasciitis

33
Q

What is the fatality rate of necrotizing fasciitis?

A

Greater than 50%

34
Q

What is the organism that in most cases causes necrotizing fasciitis?

A

S pyogenes (main pathogen in erysipelas)

35
Q

How is necrotizing fasciitis spread?

A

Pathogens enter through breaks in the skin and is spread person to person

36
Q

What is the major treatment for necrotizing fasciitis?

A

Antibiotics and amputation

37
Q

This form of acne contains dead and dying bacteria and sebum

38
Q

This is the most severe form of acne

A

Cystic acne

39
Q

What is the main pathogen of acne causing 85% of acne in adolescents and young adults?

A

Propionibacterium acnes

40
Q

Is propionibacteria considered normal microbiota?

41
Q

This disease is from contact with an infected cat

A

Cat scratch disease

42
Q

Describe some signs and symptoms of cat scratch disease

A

Bump or blister at site of injury, lymph node swelling near site of scratch or bite

43
Q

Another term for bump

44
Q

Another term for blister

45
Q

Another term for lymph node swelling

A

Lymphadenopathy

46
Q

What is the organism that causes cat scratch fever?

A

Bartonella henselae

47
Q

What is the primary virulence factor of cat scratch disease

A

Endotoxin (Lipid A from Gram -)

48
Q

This infection is in 2/3 of burn victims, produces a blue-green pigment, and purulent matter in wounds

A

Pseudomonas infection

49
Q

What is the term for the blue-green pigment

50
Q

What is the causative agent of pseudomonas infection

A

Pseudomonas aeruginosa (same as hot tub folliculitis)

51
Q

Describe the pathogenesis of pseudomonas infection

A

Opportunistic infection in burn victims

52
Q

What is the main diagnosis of pseudomonas infection?

A

Pyocyanin discoloration

53
Q

What is the treatment for pseudomonas infection?

A

Difficult to treat due to multidrug resistance

54
Q

What is the prevention for pseudomonas infection?

A

Prevention is difficult but typically does not occur in healthy individuals

55
Q

In this condition 90% of individuals develop non-itchy spotted rash on trunk and appendages including soles and palms

A

Rocky mountain spotted fever

56
Q

In 50% of individuals with rocky mountain spotted fever, they will develop this

A

Petechiae (minor hemorrhage)

57
Q

What is the organism that causes rocky mountain spotted fever?

A

Rickettsia rickettsii

58
Q

What is the most severe and common Rickettsial illness?

A

Rickettsia rickettsii

59
Q

Rocky mountain spotted fever is transmitted to humans via what vector?

60
Q

What are the primary months for rocky mountain spotted fever

A

Summer - June and July

61
Q

Describe the diagnosis of rocky mountain spotted fever

A

Early diagnosis is crucial, 5% of patients die even with treatment

62
Q

This disease has painless, raised nodules at the site of infection which spreads to form painless, swollen, black, crusty ulcers

A

Cutaneous anthrax

63
Q

Painless, swollen, black, crusty ulcers

64
Q

When untreated, anthrax is fatal in how many patients?

65
Q

What is the pathogen of anthrax

A

Bacillus anthracis (endospore)

66
Q

How is cutaneous anthrax contracted?

A

Direct contact with anthrax spores

67
Q

What is the prevention of cutaneous anthrax?

A

Control of disease in animals and effective vaccine

68
Q

This condition has intense pain at site of infection, necrosis, abundant foul-smelling gaseous products, and presence of gas bubbles

A

Gas gangrene

69
Q

How soon do patients typically die from gas gangrene?

A

Often within 1 week

shock, kidney failure, and death

70
Q

What is the pathogen that causes gas gangrene?

A

Clostridium perfringens

71
Q

What does clostridium perfingens secrete that is so deadly?

A

11 toxins that cause irreversible damage

72
Q

How is gas gangrene contracted?

A

From a traumatic event and the endospore is introduced into wound

73
Q

What is the fatality rate of gas gangrene?

A

Greater than 40%

74
Q

What is the treatment of fas gangrene?

A

Rapid treatment, administration of antitoxin and penicillin

75
Q

What is the prevention of gas gangrene?

A

Proper cleaning of wounds

Microbiology (10 decks)

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