Exam 3 Bacterial Diseases of the Skin Flashcards by Brittany Sedar

Trauma to any tissue of the body which allow microbes to infect the deeper tissues of the body

Wounds

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Pus-filled pockets in the skin resulting from bacterial infection

Abscesses

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Abscesses are often called this, but it is not the same as acne

Pimple

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Large, painful raised nodular extension of folliculitis into surrounding tissue

Furuncle or boil

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Coalescence of several furuncles, extends deeper into tissues and can spread and involve multiple organs/systems

Carbuncle

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A type of skin abscess that involves the hair follicle

Folliculitis

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Folliculitis involving the eyelid base

Sty

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Abscesses and folliculitis is most likely caused by this genus of bacteria

Staphylococcus

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This species is the most predominant bacteria found on the skin

Staphylococcus epidermidis

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This species of Staph is most likely to cause infection

Staphylococcus aureus

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This is when you transfer infection from one part of the body to another

Auto-inoculation

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This organism causes Hot Tub Folliculitis

Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Swim”pseud” for swimming

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What is the appearance of Hot Tub Folliculitis

Small pimples on stomach, buttocks, arms, and legs from 6 hrs to 5 days after hot tub

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When does Hot Tub Folliculitis go away?

On its own 7-10 days later

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This disease has characteristic reddening of skin, large blisters, and skin peels off in sheets

Staphylococcal Scalded Skin Syndrome

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In scalded skin syndrome, describe the fluid in the blisters

Fluid lacks bacteria or WBCs

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What is the organism responsible for scalded skin syndrome

Staphylococcus aureus

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Scalded skin syndrome is predominant in which age group?

Infants

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What is the main diagnosis of scalded skin syndrome?

Sloughing of skin

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What is the treatment for scalded skin syndrome?

Antibiotics and usually requires hospitalization

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Describe the prevention of scalded skin syndrome?

Prevention is difficult given prevalence of S aureus

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This is skin infection involving top layers of skin, red patches, pus-filled vesicles, and common in children

Impetigo

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Describe the pus-filled vesicles in impetigo

Fluid contains bacteria and WBCs

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This disease is a fiery red rash with raised borders, 80% on legs, and skin will be hot and red

Erysipelas

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What is the pathogen that causes 80% of impetigo and some erysipelas

S aureus

What is the pathogen that causes most of erysipelas and some of impetigo

Streptococcus pyogenes

What is the name for pus-filled vesicles that crust

Pyoderma

How is impetigo and erysipelas transmitted?

Person-to-person contact or via fomites

What is the age group of those infected by impetigo?

Children

What is the age group of those infected by erysipelas?

Infants and young children or elderly patients

What is the diagnosis for impetigo?

Presence of vesicles

This is a very serious disease that starts with big, purplish-red blisters and will eventually destroy muscle and fat tissue

Necrotizing Fasciitis

What is the fatality rate of necrotizing fasciitis?

Greater than 50%

What is the organism that in most cases causes necrotizing fasciitis?

S pyogenes (main pathogen in erysipelas)

How is necrotizing fasciitis spread?

Pathogens enter through breaks in the skin and is spread person to person

What is the major treatment for necrotizing fasciitis?

Antibiotics and amputation

This form of acne contains dead and dying bacteria and sebum

Blackhead

This is the most severe form of acne

Cystic acne

What is the main pathogen of acne causing 85% of acne in adolescents and young adults?

Propionibacterium acnes

Is propionibacteria considered normal microbiota?

Yes

This disease is from contact with an infected cat

Cat scratch disease

Describe some signs and symptoms of cat scratch disease

Bump or blister at site of injury, lymph node swelling near site of scratch or bite

Another term for bump

Papule

Another term for blister

Pustule

Another term for lymph node swelling

Lymphadenopathy

What is the organism that causes cat scratch fever?

Bartonella henselae

What is the primary virulence factor of cat scratch disease

Endotoxin (Lipid A from Gram -)

This infection is in 2/3 of burn victims, produces a blue-green pigment, and purulent matter in wounds

Pseudomonas infection

What is the term for the blue-green pigment

Pyocyanin

What is the causative agent of pseudomonas infection

Pseudomonas aeruginosa (same as hot tub folliculitis)

Describe the pathogenesis of pseudomonas infection

Opportunistic infection in burn victims

What is the main diagnosis of pseudomonas infection?

Pyocyanin discoloration

What is the treatment for pseudomonas infection?

Difficult to treat due to multidrug resistance

What is the prevention for pseudomonas infection?

Prevention is difficult but typically does not occur in healthy individuals

In this condition 90% of individuals develop non-itchy spotted rash on trunk and appendages including soles and palms

Rocky mountain spotted fever

In 50% of individuals with rocky mountain spotted fever, they will develop this

Petechiae (minor hemorrhage)

What is the organism that causes rocky mountain spotted fever?

Rickettsia rickettsii

What is the most severe and common Rickettsial illness?

Rickettsia rickettsii

Rocky mountain spotted fever is transmitted to humans via what vector?

Tick bite

What are the primary months for rocky mountain spotted fever

Summer - June and July

Describe the diagnosis of rocky mountain spotted fever

Early diagnosis is crucial, 5% of patients die even with treatment

This disease has painless, raised nodules at the site of infection which spreads to form painless, swollen, black, crusty ulcers

Cutaneous anthrax

Painless, swollen, black, crusty ulcers

Eschar

When untreated, anthrax is fatal in how many patients?

20%

What is the pathogen of anthrax

Bacillus anthracis (endospore)

How is cutaneous anthrax contracted?

Direct contact with anthrax spores

What is the prevention of cutaneous anthrax?

Control of disease in animals and effective vaccine

This condition has intense pain at site of infection, necrosis, abundant foul-smelling gaseous products, and presence of gas bubbles

Gas gangrene

How soon do patients typically die from gas gangrene?

Often within 1 week | shock, kidney failure, and death

What is the pathogen that causes gas gangrene?

Clostridium perfringens

What does clostridium perfingens secrete that is so deadly?

11 toxins that cause irreversible damage

How is gas gangrene contracted?

From a traumatic event and the endospore is introduced into wound

What is the fatality rate of gas gangrene?

Greater than 40%

What is the treatment of fas gangrene?

Rapid treatment, administration of antitoxin and penicillin

What is the prevention of gas gangrene?

Proper cleaning of wounds