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Microbiology > Exam 1 Characterizing and Classifying Viruses > Flashcards

Exam 1 Characterizing and Classifying Viruses Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Miniscule, acellular, infectious agent having either DNA or RNA

A

Virus

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2
Q

In order to grow, reproduce, etc viruses require this

A

A host

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3
Q

Protein coat of virus in extracellular state

A

Capsid

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4
Q

Protein coat surrounding a nucleic core

A

Virion

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5
Q

What is another term for a virion

A

Nucleocapsid

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6
Q

Once the virus is inside the host, the capsid is removed and exists as this

A

Simply as nucleic acid

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7
Q

Which types of organisms are susceptible to virus infection?

A

All types

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8
Q

What are the 3 viral shapes?

A

Complex
Polyhedral
Helical

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9
Q

This viral shape contains capsids of many shapes

A

Complex

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10
Q

This virus shape is spiral

A

Helical

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11
Q

This viral shape is a geodesic dome

A

Polyhedral

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12
Q

What is the most common shape of viruses?

A

Icosahedron (20 sides)

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13
Q

What shape is the rabies virus?

A

Bullet shaped

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14
Q

Where does the viral envelope come from?

A

Acquired from host cell

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15
Q

What are viral glycoproteins that project off the virus?

A

Spikes

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16
Q

Has envelope

A

Enveloped virion

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17
Q

No envelope

A

Non-enveloped or naked virion

18
Q

How are viruses classified?

A

Based on type of nucleic acid, presence of an envelope, shape, and size

19
Q

This type of viral replication usually results in death and lysis of host cell

A

Lytic replication

20
Q

What are the 5 stages of lytic replication?

A 
Attachment- to host cell
Entry- of virion into host cell
Synthesis- nucleic acids and proteins by the host's cells enzymes and ribosomes
Assembly- of new virions
Release- of new virions from host cell
21
Q

In this form of viral replication, the infected host cells grow and reproduce normally for generations before they lyse

A

Lysogeny

22
Q

This a bacteriophage capable of lysogeny

A

Temperate phages

23
Q

This is an inactive phage, usually during lysogeny

A

Prophages

24
Q

This form of viral replication can turn bacterium from harmless to pathogen

A

Lysogenic conversion

25
Q

What are the two major differences of animal viruses?

A

Presence of envelope around SOME viruses

Lack of cell wall

26
Q

What are the 3 mechanisms of entry of animal viruses?

A

Direct penetration
Membrane fusion
Endocytosis

27
Q

In the replicaiton of membrane fusion, where do the viral glycoproteins go?

A

They remain in cytoplasmic membrane of host cell

28
Q

What is it called when animal viruses remain dormant in host cells

A

Latent virus or provirus

29
Q

What is the most common example of latent viruses?

A

Herpes

30
Q

Viruses that cause cancer

A

Oncovirus

31
Q

Uncontrolled cell division in multicellular animal

A

Neoplasia

32
Q

Mass of neoplastic cells

A

Tumor (neoplasm)

33
Q

Tumor that lacks ability to metastasize

A

Benign tumor

34
Q

Cancer or tumors that can spread

A

Malignant

35
Q

Extremely small, circular pieces of RNA that LACK CAPSIDS and attack plants

A

Viroids

36
Q

Infectious, pathogenic RNA particles that LACK CAPSIDS and do not infect plants

A

Viroidlike agents

37
Q

Proteinaceous infectious agents that lack nucleic acid

A

Prions

38
Q

What do prions do to PrP proteins in a host

A

Change the PrP proteins from alpha helices to Beta sheets

39
Q

Prion disease is most predominant where in a mammal?

A

Nervous system

40
Q

Prions form large vacuoles in the brain known as what?

A

Spongiform encephalopathies

41
Q

Name 3 spongiform encephalopathies

A

BSE- bovine or mad cow
vCJD
Kuru

Microbiology (10 decks)

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