Exam 3

Question 1

What fat does the lymphatic system absorb?

Answer 1

Chyle

Question 2

An enlarged abdominal sac

Answer 2

Cisterna Chyli

Question 3

Agranular white blood cell that is responsible for immunocompetence response

Answer 3

Lymphocyte

Question 4

What are the types of lymphocytes?

Answer 4

T cells and B cells

Question 5

Vessels that bring lymph into the lymph node

Answer 5

Afferent lymphatic vessels

Question 6

Exit the lymph node through the hilus

Answer 6

Efferent lymphatic vessels

Question 7

Main phagocytes of the body

Answer 7

Macrophages

Question 8

First responders and become phagocytic when they encounter infectious material

Answer 8

Neutrophils

Question 9

Weakly phagocytic but are important in defending the body against parasitic worms

Answer 9

Eosinophils

Question 10

Have the ability to bind with, ingest, and kill a wide range of bacteria

Answer 10

Mast cells

Question 11

Able to lyse and kill cancer cells and virally infected cells before the adaptive immune system has been activated

Answer 11

Natural killer cells

Question 12

Occurs anytime the body tissues are injured by physical trauma, intense heat, irritating chemicals, or infection by viruses, fungi, or bacteria

Answer 12

Inflammation

Question 13

What are the four cardinal signs of inflammation?

Answer 13

Redness, heart, swelling, and pain

Question 14

Small proteins produced by virally infected cells that help protect surrounding healthy cells

Answer 14

Interferons

Question 15

A group of about 20 plasma proteins that provide a major mechanism for destroying foreign pathogens in the body

Answer 15

Complement

Question 16

Abnormally high body temperature which is a systemic response to microorganisms

Answer 16

Fever

Question 17

Substances that can mobilize the immune system and provoke an immune response

Answer 17

Antigens

Question 18

Able to stimulate the proliferation of specific lymphocytes and antibodies, and to react with the activated lymphocytes and produced antibodies

Answer 18

Complete antigens

Question 19

Incomplete antigens that are not capable of stimulating the immune response, but if they interactwith proteins of the body they may be recognized as potentially harmful

Answer 19

Haptens

Question 20

Specific part of an antigen that are immunogenic and bind to free antibodies or activated lymphocytes

Answer 20

Antigenic determinants

Question 21

When is the B lymphocyte activated?

Answer 21

When antigens bind to its surface receptors

Question 22

The process of the B cell growing and multiplying to form an army of cells that are capable of recognizing the same antigen

Answer 22

Clonal selection

Question 23

Antibody-secreting cells of the humoral response

Answer 23

Plasma cells

Question 24

What happens to the clones that do not become plasma cells?

Answer 24

They develop into memory cells

Question 25

Occurs when a person suffers through the symptoms of an infection

Answer 25

Naturally aquired active immunity

Question 26

When a person is given preformed antibodies

Answer 26

Artificially acquired active immunity

Question 27

When a person is given preformed antibodies

Answer 27

Passive immunity

Question 28

Proteins secreted by plasma cells in response to an antigen that are capable of binding to that antigen

Answer 28

Antibodies

Question 29

Occurs when antibodies block specific sites on viruses or bacterial exotoxins, causing them to lose their toxic effevts

Answer 29

Neutralization

Question 30

Occurs when antibodies cross-link to antigens on cells, causing clumping

Answer 30

Agglutination

Question 31

Occurs when soluble molecules are cross-linked into large complexes that settle out of solution

Answer 31

Precipitation

Question 32

Commercially prepared antibodies specific for a single antigenic determinant

Answer 32

Monoclonal antibodies

Question 33

Only T cells that can directly attack and kill other cells displaying antigen to which they have been sensitized

Answer 33

Cytotoxic T cells

Question 34

Release cytokines that suppress the activity of both B cells and other types of T cells

Answer 34

Regulatory T cells

Question 35

Found in the intestine and are more similar to NK cells than other T cells

Answer 35

Gamma delta T cells

Question 36

tissue grafts transplanted from one body site to another in the same person

Answer 36

Autografts

Question 37

Grafts donated to a patient by a genetically identical individual such as an identical twin

Answer 37

Isografts

Question 38

Grafts transplanted from individuals that are not genetically identical but belond to the same species

Answer 38

Allografts

Question 39

Grafts taken from another animal species

Answer 39

Xenografts

Question 40

Any congenital or acquired confitions that cause immune cells, pagocytes, or complement to behave abnormally

Answer 40

Immunodeficiencies

Question 41

Congenital confition that produces a deficit of B and T cells

Answer 41

SCID

Question 42

Cripples the immune system by interfering with helper T cells

Answer 42

AIDS

Question 43

Occur when the immune system loses its ability to differentiate between self and nonself and ultimately destroys itself

Answer 43

Autoimmune diseases

Question 44

The result of the immune system causing tissue damage as it fights off a perceived threat that would otherwise be harmeless

Answer 44

Hypersensitivities