Exam 3 Flashcards
What fat does the lymphatic system absorb?
Chyle
An enlarged abdominal sac
Cisterna Chyli
Agranular white blood cell that is responsible for immunocompetence response
Lymphocyte
What are the types of lymphocytes?
T cells and B cells
Vessels that bring lymph into the lymph node
Afferent lymphatic vessels
Exit the lymph node through the hilus
Efferent lymphatic vessels
Main phagocytes of the body
Macrophages
First responders and become phagocytic when they encounter infectious material
Neutrophils
Weakly phagocytic but are important in defending the body against parasitic worms
Eosinophils
Have the ability to bind with, ingest, and kill a wide range of bacteria
Mast cells
Able to lyse and kill cancer cells and virally infected cells before the adaptive immune system has been activated
Natural killer cells
Occurs anytime the body tissues are injured by physical trauma, intense heat, irritating chemicals, or infection by viruses, fungi, or bacteria
Inflammation
What are the four cardinal signs of inflammation?
Redness, heart, swelling, and pain
Small proteins produced by virally infected cells that help protect surrounding healthy cells
Interferons
A group of about 20 plasma proteins that provide a major mechanism for destroying foreign pathogens in the body
Complement
Abnormally high body temperature which is a systemic response to microorganisms
Fever
Substances that can mobilize the immune system and provoke an immune response
Antigens
Able to stimulate the proliferation of specific lymphocytes and antibodies, and to react with the activated lymphocytes and produced antibodies
Complete antigens
Incomplete antigens that are not capable of stimulating the immune response, but if they interactwith proteins of the body they may be recognized as potentially harmful
Haptens
Specific part of an antigen that are immunogenic and bind to free antibodies or activated lymphocytes
Antigenic determinants
When is the B lymphocyte activated?
When antigens bind to its surface receptors
The process of the B cell growing and multiplying to form an army of cells that are capable of recognizing the same antigen
Clonal selection
Antibody-secreting cells of the humoral response
Plasma cells
What happens to the clones that do not become plasma cells?
They develop into memory cells
Occurs when a person suffers through the symptoms of an infection
Naturally aquired active immunity
When a person is given preformed antibodies
Artificially acquired active immunity
When a person is given preformed antibodies
Passive immunity
Proteins secreted by plasma cells in response to an antigen that are capable of binding to that antigen
Antibodies
Occurs when antibodies block specific sites on viruses or bacterial exotoxins, causing them to lose their toxic effevts
Neutralization
Occurs when antibodies cross-link to antigens on cells, causing clumping
Agglutination
Occurs when soluble molecules are cross-linked into large complexes that settle out of solution
Precipitation
Commercially prepared antibodies specific for a single antigenic determinant
Monoclonal antibodies
Only T cells that can directly attack and kill other cells displaying antigen to which they have been sensitized
Cytotoxic T cells
Release cytokines that suppress the activity of both B cells and other types of T cells
Regulatory T cells
Found in the intestine and are more similar to NK cells than other T cells
Gamma delta T cells
tissue grafts transplanted from one body site to another in the same person
Autografts
Grafts donated to a patient by a genetically identical individual such as an identical twin
Isografts
Grafts transplanted from individuals that are not genetically identical but belond to the same species
Allografts
Grafts taken from another animal species
Xenografts
Any congenital or acquired confitions that cause immune cells, pagocytes, or complement to behave abnormally
Immunodeficiencies
Congenital confition that produces a deficit of B and T cells
SCID
Cripples the immune system by interfering with helper T cells
AIDS
Occur when the immune system loses its ability to differentiate between self and nonself and ultimately destroys itself
Autoimmune diseases
The result of the immune system causing tissue damage as it fights off a perceived threat that would otherwise be harmeless
Hypersensitivities
