Blood Flashcards
3 layers of blood if centrifuged
Erythrocytes, the buffy coat, and plasma
Represents the percentage of erythrocytes in whole blood
Blood hematocrit
What is normal blood volume for males and females?
5-6 liters for males, 4-5 liters for female
What protein takes up most of blood plasma?
Albumin
Small cells that are biconcave in shape, lack nuclei and contain mostly hemoglobin
Erythrocytes
Oxygen-binding pigment that is responsible for the transport of most of the oxygen in blood
Hemoglobin
Blood cell formation that occurs in red bone barrow
Hematopoiesis
Formation of erythrocytes which begins when a myeloid stem cell is transformed to a proerythroblast
Erythropoiesis
Why do blood cells have a short life span?
Because of the lack of necluei and organelles
Defiency of RBCs
Anemia
Excess of RBCs
Polycythemia
Complete cells and make up less than 1% of blood volume
Leukocytes
Main group of leukocytes characterized as large cells with lobed nuclei and visibly staining granules
Granulocytes
Most numerous type of leukocyte, chemically attracted to sites of inflammation and are active phagocytes
Neutrophils
Reletively uncommon and attack parasitic worms
Eosinophils
The least numerous leukocyte and release histamine to promote inflammation
Basophils
Main group of lymphocytes that lack visibly staining granules
Agranulocytes
Directly attack virus-infected and tumor cells
T Lymphocytes
Produce atibody cells
B Lymphocytes
Become macrophages and activate T lymphocytes
Monocytes
The formation of white blood cells
Leukopoiesis
Abnormally low blood cell count
Leukopenia
Critical to the clotting process, forming the temporary seal when a blood vessel breaks
Platelets
Fast, localized response to reduce blood loss through clotting
Hemostasis
Immediate vasoconstriction response to blood vessel injury
Vascular spasm
Multistep process in which blood is transformed from a liquid to a gel
Coagulation
Factors that promote clotting
Procoagulants
Factors that inhibit clot formation
Anticoagulants
All factos necessary are present within the blood, slower clotting, and may be triggered by negatively charged surfaces such as activated platelets, collagen, or glass
Intrinistic pathway of clotting
Triggered through an endothelium-derived protein factor or factor III and can occur very rapidly
Extrinsic pathway of clotting
Process in which the contractile proteins within platelets contract and pull on neighboring fibrin strands, squeezing plasma from the clot and pulling damaged tissue edges together
Clot retraction
Removes unneeded clots through the action of the fibrin-digesting enzyme plasmin
Fibrinolysis
