Exam 3 Flashcards
The Master Endocrine Gland regulates hormones.
Antedior pituitary gland; has a great impact on body organs, other endocrine glands, and overall wellbeing.
Regulates the output of hormones by other glands
Know pituitary gland disorder/s patient is at increased risk of developing.
- Macrocephaly
- Macrognathia
- Disproportionate mand. Growth, mand. Prognathism
- Open anterior bite
- Large pulp chmabers
- Delayed eruption of primary and secondary teeth
- Increased risk for period disease due to growth factors and hormone imbalaces
Define Thyroid Storm?
Potentially life-threatening condition for people with hyperthyroidism. The thyroid suddenly releases large amounts of thyroid hormone
Be familiar with diabetes & adequate/inadequate production of hormone and endocrine gland responsible for diabetes.
- Pancreas: Improper functioning of this gland leads to diabetes
- Diabetes is a disease of metabolism with inadequate production of the hormone insulin.
- Be familiar with symptoms of menopause and factors to trach the patient about regarding menopause.
• Hot flashes accompanied by sweats.
• Hot flash may begin with aheadache, flushing of the face, heart palpitations, dizziness then chills
• Epiosodes may last a few mintues to 30 mins.
• Night sweats/sleeping problems, feeling tires, stressed or tense
• PATIENT ED.
o Saliva substitues for xerostomia/aid in preventing caries.
o Measures for prevention of perio explained
o Importance of calculus removal
o Correlation between good health and oral health
o Recommend whole grain products, veggies, fruits
o Choose low fat low cholesterol
o Recommend Calcium and limit alcohol intake
o Caries prevention though nutritious foods
- Postmenopausal women experience increased risk for ………. (postmenopausal effects)
- Reproductive organs atrophy
- Bone problems have been associated with the menopausal patient.
- Skin nd mucous membranes decrease in thickness and keratinization coming fragile and easily injured
- Predisposition to conditions including atherosclerosis, diabetes and hypothroidism
- Symptoms of menopause.
- Mucosal changes: Decreased estrogen levels, Dry, thinning of tissue
- Emotional Disturbance: Mood swings, depression, irriabiliy, difficulty with concentration/memory. Dcreased inteset ins sex, experience anxiety, tension, and irritability and feel useless, weight gain and increase weight around the waist
- In menopause the patient’s general symptoms are most likely related to the decline of what hormone?
• Estrogen and Progesterone
- Define Cushing’s Syndrome.
• Caused by too much cortisol, possibly a tumor.
- Define seizure.
• A paroxysmal (sudden) event that results from abnormal brain activity.
- Partial seizure vs. generalized seizure.
- Partial seizure: Invovles only ONE PART of the brain.
* Generalized seizure: Affects the WHOLE brain at the same time.
- What is aura when talking about clinical manifestation’s; what do you need to be aware of if this takes place in clinical setting.
• Not all patients have a warning, or aura, before a seizure. One who does receive a warning may seek a safe place to sit or lie down in privacy. In the dental environment, the patient can inform you so that procedures can be stopped and preparations can be made.
- Be familiar with different types of seizures.
- Generlized: Affects the enire brain at the same time
- Focal (Partial): Involves only one part og the brain
- Unknown: These includes epileptic spasms.
- What is gingival hyperplasia caused by: (the mechanism)
- Causes fibroblasts and osteoblasts to deposit excessive extracellular matrix, causing gingival overgrowth.
- Tissue color and texture are generally within normal limits with lobular shape.
- Local irriants like biofilm or ill fitting dentures for example make up the response worse
- Meticulous oral hygiene has been found to reduce the occurrence ans severity of gingival overgrowth
- What determines the severity of phenytoin - induced hyperplasia/enlargement. (complicating factors)
- Biofilm: Most significant determinant of the severity
* Contributing factors: Mouth breathing, overhangs, defective restorations, carious lesions, calculus
- Be familiar with drugs that have capability of causing gingival enlargement.
- Phenytoin
- Calcium Channel blocker
- Immunosuppressant cyclosporin
- Partial seizures are more common in what age group.
Seniors
- Clinical manifestations of a partial seizure.
- Precipitating factors such as stress, fatigue, flashing lighs, alchol use or withdrawl, neonatal conditions.
- Aura-seek a safe place to sit down, numbness, tingling, twitching
- Be familiar with the antiepileptic drug phenytoin/oral changes.
- Tissue color and texture are generally within normal limits with lobular shaep.
- Fibroblasts and osteoblasts to deposit excessive extracellular matrix
- Greater in younger patients than older
- Anterior gingiva more affected, maxillary than mandibular
- Facial and proximal areas are usually more affected than lingual and palatal areas
- What is the best practice to reduce occurrence and severity of gingival overgrowth?
- Change in drug prescription
- Nonsurgical treatment
- Surgical removal
- When a seizure occurs what is the first thing a hygienist should do?
• Do not attempt to stop convulsion or restrain the patient.
• Terminate clinical procedure, call for assistance
• Protect the pt from injury
o Positions pt: lower chair, tilt to supine; raise feet
o Keep pt from falling out
o Push aside sharp objects, movable equipment, and instrument trays.
o Loosen tight belt, collar, necktie
o Do Not place or force anything between the teeth
o Establish airway; check for breathing; provide basic life support when indicated. Place on side recovery position. Use high speed suction with wide tip to remove vomit
o Monitor vital signs
o Stay beside the patient of consciousness and determine if emergency medical assistance is required.
- If a seizure is still occurring or recurring when should EMS be activated?
• When a seizure is still occurring or has recurred within 5 mintues
- What herbal supplement is sometimes used to control seizures?
- Gingko bilboa
- St. johns wart
- Some essential oils
- Another name for Cardiovascular Accident (CVA).
Stroke
- Be familiar with causes of pressure sores (Decubitus Ulcers).
• Results from tissue anoxia or ischemia caused by pressure exerted on the skin and subcutaneous tissues by bony prominences and the object on which they rest, such aas a matress
- Know the difference in Duchenne and Facioscapulohumeral MD.
- Duchenne type; Limited to males and transmitted by female carriers, 4.9 year olds
- Facioscapulohumeral MS; Males and females equally affected, 6-20 year olds
- Know the factors to consider when planning Dental Hygiene care on a MS patient.
- Orofacial manifestations such as intermittent headaches, facial pain, numbness, palsy, spasms
- Visual disturbances
- Imparied motor ability
- Oral and systemic affects of meds
- Be familiar with osteoarthritis when it involves the TMJ.
• TMJ usually without pain or other clinical symptoms,although crepitation, clicking or snapping may occur when the joints are exercised.
- Average life expectancy for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS).
3-5 years
- What is the prevalent age of Duchenne’s MD?
• Males: 1.3-1.8 between 5-24 years of age
32 What is postpolio syndrome?
a condition that affects adults, years after recovery from an initial attack of the poliomyelitis virus when they were children…Cause is unknown
33 Be familiar with Parkinson’s and drugs used to control it.
• No treatment; Dopamine shortage with levodopa in combination with other meds.
34 Oral Characteristics of Scleroderma.
- Orally (lipes-thin, rigid, trimus)
- Mucosa-thin, pale, tender, rigid w/ poor healing
- Teeth can be mobile
- Difficulty in chewing
- Tongue possibly immobile/speech problems
35 How are stages of Cancer based on?
- Based on origin and extent
- T (Tumor size)
- N (Presence or absence of lymph nodes)
- M (presence or absence of distant mestates)
36 What is the protocol before head and neck radiation?
- Eliminate a localized tumor too large for surgical removal
- Treat cnacer tha has metastasized to other parts of the body
- Prevent cancer reoccurance
- Use before surgery to make cancer easier to remove
- PALLIATIVE
- What are the symptoms as a result of radiation therapy?
- Oral Mucositis
- Xerostomia
- Radiation caries
- Taste loss
- Infection
- Trimus
- Osteoradionecrosis
- Differentiate bt benign and malignant neoplasms?
- Begnin: Not malignant
- Malignant: tending to become progressively worse or to result in death; having the properties of anaplasia, regional or distant spread of cancer cells from site primarily involved.
What is indicator/s of chemotherapy?
• Eliminate a localized tumor too large for surgical removal
• treat cancer that has metastasized to other parts of the body
• prevent cancer reoccurance with maintenance therapy
- use before surgery to make cancer easier to remove
• palliative
-treatment of “liquid tumors” such as leukemia
- What is Hematopoietic cell transplantation?
• Used to treat cancers involving the bone marrow, including leukemia. The purpose is to substitute peripheral blood steam cells from patient or a healthy, compatible donor
- Results of Radiation Therapy. (Conditions it is capable of causing)
- Skin reactions; bad sunburn
- Fatigue
- Nausea
- Vomiting
- Diarrhea
- Constipation
- Side effects of chemotherapy.
- Affects both rapidly dividing cancer and normal cells
- Hair loss (Alopecia)
- Myelopsuppression
- Immunosuppression
- Nausea, vomiting and diarrhea
- Gi mucositis
- Be familiar with bone marrow transplant types.
- Autologous: self
- Allogeneic: human leukocyte antigen
- Syngeneic: identical twin
- Be familiar with DH Care Plan for patient with cancer.
- Gently brush teeth with soft toothbrush and fl2 toothpaste after every meal, and bed time
- Use of interdental aids
- Rinse mouth every 2-3 hours with baking soda, salt water solution and plain rinse or fl2 water when available
- Sip water frequently, suck on ice chips and chew sugar free gum, avoid spicy food
- Use fl2 tooth paste daily
- Bone marrow transplants are usually aspirated from what sources?
- iliac crest
- Ribs
- Sternum
- Be familiar with different types of radiation therapy.
- Internal radiation: Such as implants or seeds and is palced within the body..less radiation is delivered to surrounding tissues than an external source is utilized.
- External radiation: Conventional use of ionizing radiation applied outside the body..Used in treatment of head and neck cancer
- Risk factors for Oral/Pharyngeal Cancers.
- Tobacoo
- Alcohol
- Sunlight
- Environmental/occupational
- Virsus
- Socioeconomics
- Be familiar with the Steinhert Disease.
- Most common ins adults
- Affects both men and women
- Prolonged spasm after use
49 Parkinson’s causes degeneration of what part of the brain?
•Certain neurons in the substania nigra of the basal ganglia, where posture support and voluntary motion is controlled
50 Radiographic findings on might find in a patient with scleroderma.
Widening of the PDL
Such as implants or seeds and is palced within the body..less radiation is delivered to surrounding tissues than an external source is utilized I known as?
Internal radiation
Conventional use of ionizing radiation applied outside the body..Used in treatment of head and neck cancer is known as?
External radiation
Most common pituitary tumor is?
Adenomas
