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Hygiene 220 > Exam 1 Study Guide > Flashcards

Exam 1 Study Guide Flashcards

1
Q

What is tachycardia?

A

Abnormally heart rate, over 100 per minute

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2
Q

A deficiency of blood supply oxygen resulting in either functional constriction or actual obstruction of a blood vessel is?

A

Ischemic Heart Disease

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3
Q

What is insulin shock?

A

Hypoglycemia, Too much insulin (hyperinsulinism), which lowers level of blood glucose(hypoglycemia).

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4
Q

What if I said, something is asymptomatic, what would you tell me?

A

A person who carries a disease with no symtopms

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5
Q

What systemic problem has been named the silent killer?

A

Hypertension

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6
Q

What is Secondary Hypertension?

A

About 10% of people have an underlying medical conditions.

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7
Q

What is primary hypertension?

A

About 90% have primary or essential hypertension.

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8
Q

Most common oral side effects with medications for hypertension?

A
  • Cough
  • Diarrhea/Constipation
  • Dizziness/light headed
  • Erection problems
  • Feeling nervous
  • Feeling tired, weak, drowsy
  • Headache
  • Nausea/vomiting
  • Skin rash
  • Weight loss or gain
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9
Q

How can diabetes affect periodontal disease and vice versa?

A

The inflammatory process involving the pathogenesis of both diseases

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10
Q

Acetone, fruity breath is a symptom of?

A

Ketoacidosis

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11
Q

What factors impact the need for insulin?

A
  • Food intake
  • illness
  • Stress
  • Variations in exercise
  • Infections
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12
Q

What organ is insulin produced?

A

Pancreas

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13
Q

What is hypoglycemia?

A

An abnormal low level of glucose in the blood

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14
Q

When treating a diabetic patient how would you prepare for the patient?

A
  1. Treat pt after a meal
  2. Avoid peak insulin level
  3. Ideal time: depends on life style/method of insulin taken
  4. Morning appointments, after breakfast/medication and ascending time of blood glucose level curve
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15
Q

Possible complications with diabetics…. e.g.- increased susceptibility to infection?

A
  • Susceptible to infection
  • Neuropathy (pain/numbness of mouth, face & extremities)
  • Nephropathy (Renal Disease)
  • Retinopathy (blindness)
  • Cardiovascular Disease
  • Amputation
  • Pregnancy Complications
  • Psychosocial Aspects
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16
Q

Be familiar with a patient who goes into insulin shock and protocol for this emergency

A
  • Stop treatment
  • Sit pt upright
  • For conscious pt; glucose gel with 15/15 rule (wait 15 minutes then give 15 more grams) glucose still below 70, activate EMS
  • For unconscious pt; contact EMS, supine position, provide basic life support, Denis administer IV glucose , EMS to hospital
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17
Q

Most common dental emergency with a diabetic patient?

A

Hypoglycemia

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18
Q

Diabetes is the leading cause of?

A

Renal disease, Most common cause of end stage renal disease

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19
Q

What are the symptoms of a pacemaker malfunction?

A

high energy pulse is delivered which can be painful to the pt

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20
Q

A form of low blood pressure that happens when standing up from sitting down or lying down?

A

Postural Hypotension

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21
Q

What is the critical pH level for demin?

A

below 5.5

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22
Q

Sugar substitute that can promote remineralization?

A

Xylitol

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23
Q

What is cariogenic?

A

Foods and beverages that lower oral pH and are conductive to dental caries.

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24
Q

What is the most addictive substance in tobacco?

A

Nicotine

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25
Q

What are the oral signs of tobacco use?

A
  • Dental Stains
  • Calculus
  • Dental Caries
  • Periodontal problems
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26
Q

Clinically, what should you do if you suspect oral cancer on your patient?

A
  • Show the pt
  • Explain the problem
  • Record
  • Referral indications
  • Teach pt self-examination
  • Detect, relate, motivate
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27
Q

Myocardial infarction is also known as?

A

Heart attack

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28
Q

What is the single most preventable disease that causes premature death in the world today?

A

ETS

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29
Q

Smoking is risk factor for what diseases?

A

Periodontal disease

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30
Q

Smokeless tobacco Facts:

A
  • 28 carcinogens
  • Most harmful are tobacco specific
  • Absorbed through gingiva and oral mucosa membranes
  • Absorbed 3-4 times faster
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31
Q

T/F Patients who use tobacco may require longer and more frequent appointments due to

  • dental stains
  • calculus
  • dental caries
  • periodontal problems
A

True

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32
Q

When should patients on anticoagulant therapy have their prothrombin time checked?

A

Within 24 hours of appointment

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33
Q

Results form the destruction of insulin-producing beta cells in the pancreas?

A

Type 1 Diabetes

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34
Q

Most prevalent type of diabetes, account for 90-95% of all patients with diabetes?

A

Type II Diabetes

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35
Q

Anticoagulant therapy

A

Used in treatment of many cardiovascular disease to prevent embolus and thrombus formation.

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36
Q

What is the single most preventable disease that causes premature death in the world today?

37
Q

What meds are most commonly used to prevent or delay blood coagulation?

A
  • Heparin

- Coumarin derivatives

38
Q

Diabetic coma; too little insulin, occurs primarily in type 1 diabetes mellitus is?

A

Ketoacidosis

39
Q

What is put in the air once a cig is ignited?

A

Carcinogens, ETS

40
Q

What has been associated with maternal smoking?

A
  • Cleft lip
  • Cleft palate
  • Delayed tooth formation
41
Q

When is the heart completely developed by?

42
Q

What goes by age, gender, and estimates nutritional requirements for an individual?

A

Estimated average requirements

43
Q

What was the name of myplate first?

A

food pyramid in 1991 by USDA

44
Q

This type of hypertension is life threatening that comes on suddenly with diastolic reading above 130?

A

Malignant hypertension

45
Q

What kind of adverse effects can smoking cause on pregnant people?

A
  • Abortion
  • Low birth weight
  • Pre term delivery
46
Q

T/F When periodontal is present w/ tobacco gingival blood flow and gingival crevicular flow are diminished

47
Q

What was the 1st non nicotine med shown to be effective for tobacco cessation, approved by FDA?

A

Bupropion SR

48
Q

Lifestyle modifications that may impact blood pressure?

A
  • Weight and exercise
  • Diet
  • Tobacco use (cessation)
  • Limiting alcohol intake
  • Reduce sodium intake
  • Reduce dietary saturated fat and cholesterol
49
Q

Health history, questions, and obtain patient’s confidence?

50
Q

Stop-look-listen approach, Praise non users/former users?

A

Advice phase

51
Q

Ask pt if they’re ready to quit, if not use the 5 R’s?

Relevance: advice
Risks: discuss risk of tobacco
Rewards: benefits of quitting
Roadblocks: identify barriers
Repetition: motivational message
A

Assess phase

52
Q

Establishing a quit plan, pharmacotherapy, educational material, and counseling?

A

Assist phase

53
Q

Following up with patient and team approach?

A

Arrange phase

54
Q

Nicotine Stomatitis

A

Mainly associated with pipe smoking

55
Q

Problems that can arise from drinking cariogenic foods in excess?

A

Dental caries from biofilm

56
Q

Be familiar in what happens with the pH in the oral cavity when eating snacks between meals vs. eating with a meal.

A

(when eating cariogenic food, pH levels drop below critical counts 5.5)

  • With meals the the bacterial levels are lower
  • Without meals, frequently, bacterial levels are greatly increased
57
Q

T/F Periodontal disease is not caused by deficiencies, but malnutrition can contribute to its progression!

58
Q

Risk factors for IE?

A
  • Preexisting cardiac abnormalities
  • Prothetic heart valves
  • IV drug abuse
  • History of previous endocarditis
  • Prosthetic valve replacement
59
Q

Rheumatic heart disease appears when?

A

2-3 weeks after a beta-hemolytic group (A Strep pharyngeal) infection

60
Q

The most common artery associated with MI is?

A

Anterior descending branch of the left coronary artery

61
Q

Myocardial infraction is also known as?

A

Heart attack

62
Q

Smokeless tobacco Facts:

A
  • 28 carcinogens
  • Most harmful are tobacco specific
  • Absorbed through gingiva and oral mucosa membranes
  • Absorbed 3-4 times faster
63
Q

T/F Patients who use tobacco may require longer and more frequent appointments due to

  • dental stains
  • calculus
  • dental caries
  • periodontal problems
64
Q

What is the single most preventable disease that causes premature death in the world today?

65
Q

Smoking is a risk factor for what disease?

A

Periodontal disease

66
Q

Nicotine Stomatitis

A

Mainly associated with pipe smoking

67
Q

Problems that can arise from drinking cariogenic foods in excess?

A

Dental caries from biofilm

68
Q

Be familiar in what happens with the pain the oral cavity when eating snacks between meals vs. eating with a meal

A

(When eating cariogenic food, pH levels drop below critical counts 5.5)

  • With meals the bacterial levels are lower
  • Without meals, frequently, bacterial levels are greatly increased
69
Q

5 A’sin tobacco cessation are?

A
  • ASk
  • Advice
  • Assess
  • Assist
  • Arrange
70
Q

The 3 P’s when considering diabetes are?

A
  • Polyphagia (Excessive hunger)
  • Polyuria (Excessive urination)
  • Polydipsia (excessive thirst)
71
Q

<120 <80

72
Q

120-139

80-89

A

Prehypertension

73
Q

140-159

90-99

A

Stage 1 Hypertension

74
Q

> 160 >100

A

Stage 2 Hypertension

75
Q

A complication following rheumatic fever?

A

Rheumatic Heart Disease

76
Q

The most extreme symptom of Ischemia heart disease is?

A

MI (Myocardial Infarction)

77
Q

What hypertension usually has both systolic and diastolic blood pressure are elevated?

A

Secondary hypertension

78
Q

What are the risk factors for Primary Hypertension?

A
  • Tobacco use
  • Heredity
  • Age
  • Race
  • Sex
  • Salt
  • Overweight
  • Environmental Stress
79
Q

What are risk factors for Secondary hypertension?

A
  • Renal disease
  • Endocrine disorders (diabetes, thyroid disease, hyperthyroidism)
  • Medications (steroids)
80
Q

What Is the purpose of a dietary assessment?

A
  • identify patient who may be at nutritional and oral health risk.
  • Refer them Registered Dietitian when intervention is beyond the scope of the dental hygiene.
  • Provide an opportunity for a patient to study personal dietary habits.
  • Get an overall picture of the types of food in the patient’s diet, their preferences, and how much of food eaten.
  • Study their food habits and snacking patterns.
  • Record frequency and when the cariogenic food is consumed.
  • Determine the overall consistency of the diet; identify fibrous foods and soft sticky foods regularly consumed.
  • Identify the nutritional status of the patients, and then discuss with the patient to make suggestions for change in an adequate diet for health promotion.
  • Plan with the patient necessary changes to improve the health of the oral mucosa and periodontium, and prevent caries.
81
Q

What vitamin might a patient be deficient in if they have angular cheilosis?

A
  • B2 Riboflavin
  • B6 Pyriodoxine
  • B12 Cobalamin
  • B9 Folate (Folic acid)
  • Iron
82
Q

What minerals are for wound healing?

83
Q

What vitamins are for wound healing?

A
  • Vitamin C (Ascorbic Acid)
  • Vitamin B complex
  • Dietary Calcium
84
Q

Clinically, what should you do if you suspect oral cancer on you patient?

A
  • Show the patient
  • Explain the problem
  • Record
  • Referral indications
  • Teach pt self-examination
  • Detect, relate, motivate
85
Q

Recommendations for the average amts. of recommended nutrients that need to be consumed on a daily basis, for nutrients needed to prevent deficiency are known as?

A

RDA’s (recommended dietary analysis

86
Q

T/F Infection that doesn’t respond to treatment or healing may be signs of undiagnosed diabetes.

87
Q

What is a major risk factor of developing diabetes?

A

Adults overweight with a BMI > 25

88
Q

What patients usually take anticoagulants (Blood thinners)?

A

Patients with previous history of Thrombus and Embouls

Hygiene 220 (15 decks)

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