Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Intro to Communication > Exam 3 > Flashcards

Exam 3 Flashcards

1
Q

machine metaphor

A

represents organizations as standardized by repetition, specialization, or predictability

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

vocational anticipatory socialization

A

preparation for becomming a worker in the form of socialization that takes place in early life through family and media

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

continuationof identity

A

imports your normal practices of everyday talk into the work place

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

professional face

A

adapting to culture through speech codes, jargin, and idioms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

instrumental goals

A

predominantly work

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

relational goals

A

predominantly outside work

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

formality/ hierarchy

A

Creates distance between workers and management. Can represent a strain on relationships because individuals have to use professional face rather than personal identity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

structuation theory

A

points to the regularities of himam relationships that act as rules and resources drawn on to enable or constrain social interaction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

sedimentation

A

something laid into the organization by the workers’ talk and everyday relational practices

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

structurational approach

A

To look at how people enact and enable or contain future interactions through their talk

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

industrial time

A

time a person is actually counted as beingwork and is therefor being paid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

common causes of problems in integral communications

A

spillover effects and surveillance in technology

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

information peer relationships

A

civil and cordial but personal info is limited and profession info is profuse

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

collegial peer relationships

A

friends joke in and out of office

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

special peer relationship

A

high openness, self-disclosure, and intimacy- virtually indistinguishable from best friend relationships and workplace

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

ethocentric bias

A

believing that your culture is the benchmark for all others

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

cross-cultural communication

A

communcication styles and patterns of people from different cultural/social structures

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

intercultural communication

A

how people within the same culture communicate with each other

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

high context societies

A

place a great deal of emphasis on the total environment or context where speech and interaction take place

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

low context societies

A

mor eimportant to have a well structured argument or a well delivered presentation than it is to have social status

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

collectivist

A

stress group benefit and the overriding value of working harmoniously rather than individual personal advancement

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

individualist

A

focusing on the individual persona nd his pr her personal dreams, goals, and achievements, and right to make choices.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

monochronic society

A

when you do one thing at a time or think of time as a straightline

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

polychronic society

A

multitask, have relaxed views of time and dont necessarily show up on time

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

conflict

A

involves real or perceived incompatibilities of processes, understandings, and viewpoints between people.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

conflict-as-opportunity cultures

A

tend to be individualists- US

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

conflict-as-destructive cultures

A

tend to be collectivist or community- oriented such as many asian cultures

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

four assumptions of conflict-as-opportunity cultures

A
  1. conflict is a normal, useful process
  2. all issues are subject to change through negotiation
  3. direct confrontation and conciliation are valued
  4. conflict is a necessary renegotiation of an implied contract- a redistribution of opportunity, a release of tensions, and a renewal of relationships
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

four assumptions of conflict-as-destructive cultures

A
  1. conflict is a destructive disturbance of the peace
  2. the social system should not be adjusted to meet the needs of members; rather, members should adapt to established values
  3. confrontations are destructive and ineffective
  4. disputants should be disciplined
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

5 styles of conflict management

A
  1. dominating- forcing others
  2. integrating- situation that makes everyone happy
  3. compromising- everyone gives up a little
  4. obliging- give ip ones position to satisfy another’s
  5. avoiding
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

co-cultures

A

smaller groups of culture within a larger cultural mass

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

speech communities

A

sets of people whose speech codes and practices identify them as a cultural unit, sharing characteristic values through their equally chracateristic speech

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

cultural persuadables

A

certain topics that people in a societynever bother to persuade anyone else about because their arguments are always raised against a background of common understanding and shared beliefs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

speech codes

A

a cultures verbalization of meaning and symbols

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

culture as a code

A

what we have in mind when we talk abotu societys secret agents and how we do culture in talk and relationships

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

restricted code

A

A way of speaking that emphasizes authority and adopts certain community/cultural orientations as indisputable facts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

elaborated code

A

Speech that emphasizes the reasoning behind a command. Expresses individuality

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

media generations

A

differentiated by unique media grammar and media consciousness based on the technological environment in which they are born

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

relational technologies

A

emphasize the relational functions and implications of their use in society and within specific groups

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

synchronous communication

A

to interact in real time and can send and receive messages at once

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

asynchronous communication

A

interaction containing a slight or prolonged delay- alternate between sending and receiving

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

media equation

A

People use the same social rules and expectation when interacting with technology as they do with other people

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

civic engagement

A

entails participating in community development

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
44
Q

benefits of civic engagement

A

social change, social reinforcement, justice, personal growth, intellectual growth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
45
Q

attitudes

A

learned predispositions to evaluate something in a positive or negative way that guide thinking and behavior

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
46
Q

beliefs

A

what people hold to be true or false

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
47
Q

given belief

A

the majority of people in the audience will hold the same perspective of either true or false

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
48
Q

values

A

deeply held and enduring judgements of significance or importance that often provide the basis for both beliefs and attitudes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
49
Q

speeches to convince

A

delivered in an attempt to impact audience thinkign

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
50
Q

claim of policy

A

maintains that a course of action should or should not be taken

51
Q

claim of value

A

maintains that something is good or bas, beneficial or detrimental, or another evaluative criterion

52
Q

claim of fact

A

maintains that something is true of false

53
Q

claim of conjecture

A

through similar to a claim of fact in that something is determined to be true or false

54
Q

speeches to actuate

A

deliverined in attemot to impact audience behavior

55
Q

different impacting audience behavior

A

reinforcing an existing behavior, altering an existing behavior, ceasing an existing behavior, avoiding a future behavior.

56
Q

inductive reasoning

A

involves deriving a general conclusion based on specific evidence, example, or instances

57
Q

deductive reasoning

A

involves using general conclusion, premises, or principles to reach a conclusion about a specific example or instance

58
Q

syllogism

A

a form of argumentation consisting of a major premise, a minor premise, and a conclusion

59
Q

major premise

A

statement or conclusion of a general nature

60
Q

minor premise

A

entail a more specific statement abotu a particular instance or example

61
Q

enthymeme

A

a syllogism that excludes one or two of the three components of a syllogism

62
Q

social judgement theory

A

how people may respond to a range of positions surrounding a particular topic or issue

63
Q

latitude of acceptance

A

the range of position that the audience deems acceptable

64
Q

anchor position

A

represents the preferred or most acceptable position

65
Q

latitude of rejection

A

includes those positions that the audience deems unacceptable

66
Q

latitude of noncommitment

A

includes positions that the audience neither wholly accepts nor wholly rejects`

67
Q

assimilation effect

A

maintains that if someone advocates a position within your latitude of acceptance, you will view it as close to your anchor position than it really is

68
Q

contrast effect

A

which maintains that if someone advocates a position within your latitude of rejectionm you will view it as farther form you anchor position than it really is

69
Q

foot-in-the-door technique

A

involves making a small request and following up with a second

70
Q

self-perception theory

A

explain why footinthedoor works
after contributing to a cause, a person begins seeing him or herself as the type of person who supports a particular organization

71
Q

cognitive dissonance theory

A

people prefer their actions to be consistent with their attitudes, beliefs, and values because inconsistency elicits negative feelings
helps support why the footinthedoor theory works

72
Q

door-in-the-face technique

A

involves making a request so large that it will be turned down adn then followed up with a more reasonable request

73
Q

perceptual contrast effect

A

maintains that people generally comply with the second request because compared to the inital request it appears much smaller

74
Q

reciprocal concessions

A

maintains that people generallly comply with the second request because they feel since the person making the request is willing to concede somethig

75
Q

self-presentation

A

maintians that people are concerned that other people

76
Q

pre-giving technique

A

maintains that when a person is given something or offered favors by someone else, that person is more likely to comply with a subsequent request

77
Q

extended parallel process model

A

which explains the process of fear appeals

78
Q

compliance gaining

A

involves interpersonal attempts at influence, especially attempts to influence someone behavior

79
Q

identity goals

A

secondary goals of compliance gaining recognizing that people desire to act in accordance with the personal dn relational identities they attempt to transact and/or the personal and relaitonal identitieis most appropriate in a given situaiton

80
Q

interaction goals

A

compliance gaining recognizing the desire to act appropriately when attempting to gain compliance

81
Q

resource goals

A

compliance gainign recognize the desire to maintain relational resources

82
Q

arousal goals

A

compliance gaining recognize the desire to keep arousal at an acceptable level

83
Q

rewarding activities

A

seek compliance through positivity

84
Q

punishing activities

A

seek compliance through negativity

85
Q

expertise activities

A

seek compliance through perceptions of credibility or wisdom

86
Q

activation of impersonal commitments

A

seek compliance through the manipulation of internal feelings of obligation and appropriate behavior

87
Q

activation of personal commitments

A

seeks compliance through appealing to obligations of others

88
Q

dominance

A

contextual influence of compliance gaining based on power dimensions within a relationship

89
Q

intimacy

A

contextual influence of compliance gaining based on the relational connection among interactants

90
Q

resistance

A

contextual influence of compliance gaining based on anticipated opposition

91
Q

relational consequences

A

contextual influence of compliance gaining based on the perceived effects a complaince gaining strategy might have on a relationship

92
Q

personal benefit

A

contextual influence of compliance gaining based on potential personal gain

93
Q

rights

A

contextual influence of compliance gaining based on the degress to which the desired outcome seems justified

94
Q

apprehension

A

contextual influence of compliance gaining based on anxiety resulting from the circumstances

95
Q

What are the scheins 3 levels of culture?

A

level 1- artifcats and behaviors
level 2- values
level 3- core beliefs and assumptions

96
Q

What makes up organizational culture?

A

metaphors and stories

ceremonies and rites

97
Q

What is an open/closed system?

A

the degree to which an organizaiton interacts with its environment

98
Q

What is holon and interdependence

A

holon- soethign that is part is simultaneously the whole

interdependence- everything is interconnected

99
Q

what is homeostasis?

A

balance within a system

100
Q

what is nonsummartivity

A

whole is greater than the sum of all its parts

101
Q

what is equifinality?

A

many ways to get to the same end

102
Q

what is hierarchy?

A

some needs takeprecedence over other needs

103
Q

negative entropy

A

all things move towards chaos but when organizations try to slow this by maintaining a balance

104
Q

What is socialization and why is it iomportant?

A

socializaiton is learning to fit in and without recognizing the different components to an organization, such as metaphors stories ceremonies and rites then you wont be able to fit in

105
Q

what is a workplace bully?

A

has 4 features- intense, repeated, enduring, characterized by power

106
Q

what is the structural view of culture?

A

cultutre determined by geography

107
Q

what is transactional view of culture?

A

culture that is created, maintained, reinforced in everyday interaction

108
Q

what are the characteristics of a culture?

A

culture is learned, shared, multi-faceted, dynamic, and cultural identities may overlap

109
Q

what is predjudices?

A

negative social attitude held by members of one group towards members of another

110
Q

what is discounting?

A

dismiss info that doesnt fit / is a cognitive bias

111
Q

what is fundamental attribution bias?

A

interpreting negative behavior as internal rather than external/ is a cognitive bias

112
Q

what is exaggeration?

A

make negative more extreme/ is a cognitive bias

113
Q

what is polarization

A

look for difference, ignore similarity/ is a cognitive bias

114
Q

wgar is negative interpretation?

A

interpret everything as negative/ is a cognitive bias

115
Q

what are the 3 barries to intercultural communication?

A

assumed similarity, anxiety and withdrawal, ehtocentrism

116
Q

Analyzing audiences relationships with

A

the speaker

the issue

117
Q

attitudes are

A

learned predispostions

118
Q

beliefs are

A

what people hold to be true or false

119
Q

values are

A

deeply held judgements of significance, often basis for attitudes, beliefs

120
Q

speeches to convince

A

impact audiene thinking

121
Q

speeches to actuate

A

impact audience behavior

122
Q

what is toulmins model of argument?

A 
claim- what we want the audience to accept
qualifier- conditions
data- what evidence
warrant- how does it prove our point
backing- what evidence for warrant
rebuttal- potential counterarguments
123
Q

3 types of artistic proofs

A

authoratative- ethos
motivational- pathos
substantive- logos

Intro to Communication (11 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions