Chapter 4 Flashcards
Why is listening important?
builds relationships gain and understand info evaluate accuracy enjoyment help with problems
Listening Process
Attention, Interpretation, Evaluation (critical listening), Responding, Storing and Retrieving
Engaged Listending
enhances communication as transaction, enables deeper understanding
DisEngaged Listending
not really listening
Relational Listening requires thinking about…
how messages affect your relationship with another person
and how you relationship with another person affects messages
Environmental Ditractions
self explanatory
Medium DIstractions
limitation or prolems of the technogoloy or media being used to listen- cell service, skype failing, ext
Source Distractions
the sources appearance or voice (mole on someones face)
Factual Diversion
to focus on little details and miss the bigger picture
Semantic Diversion
to be distracted by words that you are unfamiliar with or have a negative connation with
Content (presentational listening)
when you focus on factual meaning and dont take into consideration relationships and context
Selective listening
shut off view points that are not parallel with your own
egocentric listening
to focus on your own response rather than the other persons
Experiential Superiority
to not listen to others because you believe you know more than them
Status of the other
you feel they are insignificant
past experience with the other
they are always wrong or right
message complexity
you get lost and give up
How to improve your listening in the listening process- attention
recognize distractions and focus on content
clear purpose in mind
pay attention to “how” somethign is said
give yourself reason to listen
How to improve your listening in the listening process- interpretation
prepare ahead of time
relate what the speaker says to what you already know
use time and differential speaking and processing to focus on content and structure
How to improve your listening in the listening process- analyzing and evaluation
judge info
identify loaded language
? adequacy and accuracy
separate facts from inferences and evaluations
be aware of responding emotionally
be aware of biases and withhold judgement
How to improve your listening in the listening process- responding
reflect what you heard
you cannot communicate
see things from perspective of the sender
respond to what is said and what isnt said
How to improve your listening in the listening process- retention and retrieval
decide what needs to be stored
mentally rehearse and review ideas
use mnemonic devices
Reflecting
paraphrasing what someone said to clarify understanding
relational listening
recognizing, understanding, and addressing the inter connection of relationships and communication
plausibility
the extent to which the message seems legitamate
consistency
concerns whether the message is free of internal contradiction and in harmony with the information you already know
verifiablity
information being provided can be confirmed by other sources or means
fallacious arguments
arguments that seem legit but are actually based on faulty reasoning
argument against the source
when the source of the message, rather than the message, is attacked itself
appeal to authority
when credibility in one area is used to support another… im a doctor and i know how to tile your bathroom
appeal to people (bandwagon appeal)
something is good because everyone agrees with it
appeal to relationships
relationships are used to justify actions- “could you be a friend and give me a ride to the libs?”
Post Hoc Ergo Propter Hoc
somethign is caused by whatever happens before it
Cum hoc ergo propter hoc
if two things happen at the same time then they happened because of each other
hasty generalization
when a conclusion is absed on a single occurence or insufficient data and sample size
Red Herring
use of another issue to divert attention
False alternative
toprovide two options one of which is very bad
composition fallacy
parts are the same as the whole
Division Fallacy
Whole are the same as the parts
equivocation
relies on ambiguities to make an argument
