Exam 1 Flashcards
Purpose
Why ( what was the result or goal )
Agent
who was involved
Scene
where it happened
interpreting
when you assign meaning to sounds and symbolic activity
message complexity
when someone stops listening because the message is too complex
experiential superiority
when people fail to fully listen because they believe they posess more superior knowledge than the other person
accommodation
when people change their accent, their rate of speech, and even words they use to indicate a relational connection with the person to whom they are talking
false alternatives
when only two options are available and one of them is a poor choice or should be avoided
Act
what (facts) unfolded in time
Backchannel communication
vocalization by a listener that give feedback to the speaker to show interest, attention, and/or a willingness tokeep listening
empathy
viewing a problem from the perspective of another person
Illustrators
using your hands or movement to give a visual of an explanation
Leakage
unintentional betrayal of internal feelings through nonverbal communication
Critical listening
type of listening that evaulates accuracy and value of a message.
Communication
Transactional use of symbols, influenced, guided, and understood in the context of relationships, taken-for-granted understandings, meanings, and reality tat it presents and created as ways for people to share an understanding of the world that they inhabit together
positive face wants
to want to be seen and accepted as a worthwhile reasonable person
Decoding
to draw meaning from something you observe
disengaged listening
to automated responses on phones and such, not really paying attention
communicaiton is relational
tied to your releationships
Illustrations
those that signal something said in words
Emblems
direct substituion for words- thumbs up or waving
face work
the management of people’s dignity or self-respect, known as “face”
eye contact
the extent to which you look directly into the eyes of another
Personal Space
the area around a person that is regared as part of the person and so the distance at which informal and close relationships are conudcted
Characteristics of NVC
Symbolic, Rule guided, Cultural, personal, ambiguous, less controlled, and continuous
Iconic
symbol that shows what it represents
gaze
staring at someone or something
primary territory
space that you own or have principal control over
Public territory
space open to everyone
attending
Second step in listening- to give your attention to the sound you hear
negation
say what something is but also say what it is not
negative face wants
refers to the desire to not be imposed upon or treated as inferior
relational listening
recognizing understanding and addresing the interconnection of relationships and communication.
responding
reaction to the message or communication of another person
Encoding
put feelings into behavior through NVC
God terms
postive terms
Assumption
People will recognize what your talking about
selective listening
pay attention to what you agree with and not what you disagree with during a conversation
Past experience with other
past experiences prevent you from critically examinging the message because the person has been generally right or wrong
hearing
passive psycological act of receiving sound that takes place when sound hits your eardrum
composition fallacy
parts are the same as the whole,
reflecting
paraphrasing what someone said to show that you understand what they meant
environmental distractions
obstacle tolistening that results from the physical location where the listening takes place
status of the other
obstacle of listening when the persons status inflicts on the otherenough that they fail to critically examine the message
Regulators
non verbal actions that indicate to others how you want them to behave or what you want them to do
Secondary territory
no central to your life but becomes you own through exclusive use
Devil Terms
Negative
convergance
moves toward tge style of other speaker
divergence
move away from style to make a relational point (like disliking someone)
Engaged listening
making a personal relational connection with someone that results in both parties working together to have shared meaning and understanding
Speaker- emotional clarity
listener- encouraging
Speaker- directness
listener- detection/decoding
Speaker -Blending
listener- bonding
Speaker- Affirming
listener attending
What are the different Spaces ?
Intimate, personal, social, public
verifiability
information being provided can be confirmed
low code
informal talk
Giles (2008)
indicate relationship through vocalics
Body Buffer Zone
imaginary AURA
evaluation of source
if someone is always wrong you may not take there message as seriouslt
thought units
ideas that are different from each other
hypertext
idea that all conversations contain coded messages that an informed listener would effortlessly undestand
Egocentric listenign
ibstacle to listening when people focus more on their message and sef-presentation than on the messaher of the other person involved in an interaction
Parole
How people use language, where they often usekinds of informal and ungrammatical lanugage structure that carry meaning to us all the same
Agency
How (the way in which) acts happened
turn taking
hand over speaking to another person
naming
giving a person or thing a name
consistency
free of internal contradicition and in harmony with information you already know
high code
formal, grammatical, and very correct way of talking
Langue
Formal Grammatical structure of language
factual diversion
focusing too much on little details of conversation and missing out on the main point
content (representational) listening
focus on content instead of social or relational lebels
plausibility
extent to which a message seems legitamate
sympathy
expressing an awareness or concern of someone elses feelings
NVC in relation to culture
Ex. Making eye contact in the united states is respectful but in other countries it is considered disrespectful
Dynamic
elements of nonverbal communication that are chnageable during interaction (facial expression, posture)
Static NVC
elements of an interaction that do not change during its course
medium distractions
electronic distractions or interference in communicating
source dustractions
distractions from the source, aka weird voice or physical characteristic
semantic diversion
distracted by words or phrases used in a message through negative response or unfamiliarity
Representation
Describes facts or conveys information
evaluation of argument 3 things
Consistency, appropriate support and adequate support (enough vaild information)
Consitutive approach to communication
communication can create or bring into existence something that has not been there before, such as agreements, a contract, or an identity
Sign
Casual conneca consequence or indicator of something specific which cannot be changed by arbitrary actions or labels (the street is wet is a sign that it rained)
Posture (in relation to NVC)
can show attitude about self, others, and situation
Physical appearance and how it applys to NVC
body, dress
Frames
Basic forms of knowledge that provide a definiton of a scenario either because the cultural assumptions built into the interaction and the previous relational context of talk gives them a clue
Getsure
Any body movements
Presentational
an individuals “Take” on things
fallacious arguments
an argument that appears legitamate but is actually based on faulty reasoning or insufficient evidence
Symbols
an arbirary representation of ideas, objects people, relationships, cultures, genders, races ect
immediacy
address individuals in relationship as a whole. (Us, Lets, We) linguistic inclusion
receiving
actual sound waves hitting your ear drums
Intentionality
a basic assumption in communcation studies that messages indicated somebodys intentions or that they are produced intentionally or in a way that gives insight, at the very least, into the senders mental processes
hasty generalizations
fallacious Argumentwhen a conclusion is base on a signle occurrence or insufficient data or sample size
red herring
fallacious Argumentuse of another issue to divert attention away from the real issue
equivocation
*fallacious Argument**using ambiguities in statements to make an argument
appeal to relationships
- Fallacious argument*when relationships are used to justify cetrain behaviors
appeal to authority
- Fallacious argument*using someones authority in one area (like sports) to support another (magazines)
division fallacy
- Fallacious argument*the whole is the same as its parts
appeal to people (bandwagon appeal)
- Fallacious argument*claims something is good because everyone agrees with it
argument against the source
- Fallacious argument*attacking the source not the argument- obama and romney commercials(ad hominem argument)
post hoc ergo propter hoc
after this; therefore, because of this something is caused by whatever happened before it
cum hoc ergo propter hoc
with this; therefore, because of this one event causes another due to the fact that they are happening simultaneously
affect displays
?
Communication is socially constructive
we know that there is a teacher and they are going to lecture
Vocalics
vocal characteristics that provide how to interpret our feelings Not what you say, but how you say it
Scene: Agent Ratio
Uses a situation to explain the kinds of character who are found in the situation
Scene: Act Ratio
Uses a situation or circumstances to justify actions
Scene: agent: Act ratio
Uses a situation or circumstances to explain a persons actions
Agent: Act Ratio
Uses a persons character to explain there actions
Communication as Action
To put information out there
Communication as transaction
to exchange information and arrive at shared realization or deal or something of progress
Communication as Interaction
To exchange information
Proxemics
the study of space and distance in communcation
Sapir/ Whorf hypothesis
the idea that it is the names of objects and ideas that make verbal distinctions and help you make conceptual distinctions rather than the other way around
Haptics
study of specific non verbal behaviors involving touch
connotation
overtone or implicated meaning
Polysemy
multiple meanings for the same word or symbol
Kinesics
movement that takes place during course of action
Social Construction of reality
meaning comes from how people interact. This also helps us understand how
denotative meaning
litthe identification of something by pointing it out (LITERAL MEANING)
indexical function
indicate the nature of relationship
Social Frames
Help Define rules of communication for a given setting- make communication more efficient
narrative
has plot, argument, or theme
account
forms of communcation that go beyond the facts and offer justifications, excuses, exonerations, explanations, or accusations.
Burkes Pentad
five elements common to all stories and situations: scene agent act agency and purposes
chronemics
encompasses use and evaluation of time in interactions
Content/ relational levels of meaning
Content meaning is literally what is said
Essential function of talk
a function of talk that makes the relationship real and talks it into being, often by using couipling references or making assumptions that the relationship exists
instrumental function
a conversation that reveals a goal or brings something new/ changes a relationship
Relational Level of meaning
¥ Relational meaning comes from what the message says about our relationship
