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Intro to Communication > Exam 1 > Flashcards

Exam 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Purpose

A

Why ( what was the result or goal )

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2
Q

Agent

A

who was involved

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3
Q

Scene

A

where it happened

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4
Q

interpreting

A

when you assign meaning to sounds and symbolic activity

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5
Q

message complexity

A

when someone stops listening because the message is too complex

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6
Q

experiential superiority

A

when people fail to fully listen because they believe they posess more superior knowledge than the other person

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7
Q

accommodation

A

when people change their accent, their rate of speech, and even words they use to indicate a relational connection with the person to whom they are talking

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8
Q

false alternatives

A

when only two options are available and one of them is a poor choice or should be avoided

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9
Q

Act

A

what (facts) unfolded in time

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10
Q

Backchannel communication

A

vocalization by a listener that give feedback to the speaker to show interest, attention, and/or a willingness tokeep listening

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11
Q

empathy

A

viewing a problem from the perspective of another person

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12
Q

Illustrators

A

using your hands or movement to give a visual of an explanation

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13
Q

Leakage

A

unintentional betrayal of internal feelings through nonverbal communication

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14
Q

Critical listening

A

type of listening that evaulates accuracy and value of a message.

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15
Q

Communication

A

Transactional use of symbols, influenced, guided, and understood in the context of relationships, taken-for-granted understandings, meanings, and reality tat it presents and created as ways for people to share an understanding of the world that they inhabit together

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16
Q

positive face wants

A

to want to be seen and accepted as a worthwhile reasonable person

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17
Q

Decoding

A

to draw meaning from something you observe

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18
Q

disengaged listening

A

to automated responses on phones and such, not really paying attention

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19
Q

communicaiton is relational

A

tied to your releationships

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20
Q

Illustrations

A

those that signal something said in words

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21
Q

Emblems

A

direct substituion for words- thumbs up or waving

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22
Q

face work

A

the management of people’s dignity or self-respect, known as “face”

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23
Q

eye contact

A

the extent to which you look directly into the eyes of another

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24
Q

Personal Space

A

the area around a person that is regared as part of the person and so the distance at which informal and close relationships are conudcted

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25
Q

Characteristics of NVC

A

Symbolic, Rule guided, Cultural, personal, ambiguous, less controlled, and continuous

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26
Q

Iconic

A

symbol that shows what it represents

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27
Q

gaze

A

staring at someone or something

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28
Q

primary territory

A

space that you own or have principal control over

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29
Q

Public territory

A

space open to everyone

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30
Q

attending

A

Second step in listening- to give your attention to the sound you hear

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31
Q

negation

A

say what something is but also say what it is not

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32
Q

negative face wants

A

refers to the desire to not be imposed upon or treated as inferior

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33
Q

relational listening

A

recognizing understanding and addresing the interconnection of relationships and communication.

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34
Q

responding

A

reaction to the message or communication of another person

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35
Q

Encoding

A

put feelings into behavior through NVC

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36
Q

God terms

A

postive terms

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37
Q

Assumption

A

People will recognize what your talking about

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38
Q

selective listening

A

pay attention to what you agree with and not what you disagree with during a conversation

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39
Q

Past experience with other

A

past experiences prevent you from critically examinging the message because the person has been generally right or wrong

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40
Q

hearing

A

passive psycological act of receiving sound that takes place when sound hits your eardrum

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41
Q

composition fallacy

A

parts are the same as the whole,

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42
Q

reflecting

A

paraphrasing what someone said to show that you understand what they meant

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43
Q

environmental distractions

A

obstacle tolistening that results from the physical location where the listening takes place

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44
Q

status of the other

A

obstacle of listening when the persons status inflicts on the otherenough that they fail to critically examine the message

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45
Q

Regulators

A

non verbal actions that indicate to others how you want them to behave or what you want them to do

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46
Q

Secondary territory

A

no central to your life but becomes you own through exclusive use

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47
Q

Devil Terms

A

Negative

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48
Q

convergance

A

moves toward tge style of other speaker

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49
Q

divergence

A

move away from style to make a relational point (like disliking someone)

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50
Q

Engaged listening

A

making a personal relational connection with someone that results in both parties working together to have shared meaning and understanding

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51
Q

Speaker- emotional clarity

A

listener- encouraging

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52
Q

Speaker- directness

A

listener- detection/decoding

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53
Q

Speaker -Blending

A

listener- bonding

53
Q

Speaker- Affirming

A

listener attending

54
Q

What are the different Spaces ?

A

Intimate, personal, social, public

55
Q

verifiability

A

information being provided can be confirmed

56
Q

low code

A

informal talk

57
Q

Giles (2008)

A

indicate relationship through vocalics

58
Q

Body Buffer Zone

A

imaginary AURA

59
Q

evaluation of source

A

if someone is always wrong you may not take there message as seriouslt

60
Q

thought units

A

ideas that are different from each other

61
Q

hypertext

A

idea that all conversations contain coded messages that an informed listener would effortlessly undestand

62
Q

Egocentric listenign

A

ibstacle to listening when people focus more on their message and sef-presentation than on the messaher of the other person involved in an interaction

63
Q

Parole

A

How people use language, where they often usekinds of informal and ungrammatical lanugage structure that carry meaning to us all the same

64
Q

Agency

A

How (the way in which) acts happened

65
Q

turn taking

A

hand over speaking to another person

66
Q

naming

A

giving a person or thing a name

67
Q

consistency

A

free of internal contradicition and in harmony with information you already know

68
Q

high code

A

formal, grammatical, and very correct way of talking

69
Q

Langue

A

Formal Grammatical structure of language

70
Q

factual diversion

A

focusing too much on little details of conversation and missing out on the main point

71
Q

content (representational) listening

A

focus on content instead of social or relational lebels

72
Q

plausibility

A

extent to which a message seems legitamate

73
Q

sympathy

A

expressing an awareness or concern of someone elses feelings

74
Q

NVC in relation to culture

A

Ex. Making eye contact in the united states is respectful but in other countries it is considered disrespectful

75
Q

Dynamic

A

elements of nonverbal communication that are chnageable during interaction (facial expression, posture)

76
Q

Static NVC

A

elements of an interaction that do not change during its course

77
Q

medium distractions

A

electronic distractions or interference in communicating

78
Q

source dustractions

A

distractions from the source, aka weird voice or physical characteristic

79
Q

semantic diversion

A

distracted by words or phrases used in a message through negative response or unfamiliarity

80
Q

Representation

A

Describes facts or conveys information

81
Q

evaluation of argument 3 things

A

Consistency, appropriate support and adequate support (enough vaild information)

82
Q

Consitutive approach to communication

A

communication can create or bring into existence something that has not been there before, such as agreements, a contract, or an identity

83
Q

Sign

A

Casual conneca consequence or indicator of something specific which cannot be changed by arbitrary actions or labels (the street is wet is a sign that it rained)

84
Q

Posture (in relation to NVC)

A

can show attitude about self, others, and situation

85
Q

Physical appearance and how it applys to NVC

A

body, dress

86
Q

Frames

A

Basic forms of knowledge that provide a definiton of a scenario either because the cultural assumptions built into the interaction and the previous relational context of talk gives them a clue

87
Q

Getsure

A

Any body movements

88
Q

Presentational

A

an individuals “Take” on things

89
Q

fallacious arguments

A

an argument that appears legitamate but is actually based on faulty reasoning or insufficient evidence

90
Q

Symbols

A

an arbirary representation of ideas, objects people, relationships, cultures, genders, races ect

91
Q

immediacy

A

address individuals in relationship as a whole. (Us, Lets, We) linguistic inclusion

92
Q

receiving

A

actual sound waves hitting your ear drums

93
Q

Intentionality

A

a basic assumption in communcation studies that messages indicated somebodys intentions or that they are produced intentionally or in a way that gives insight, at the very least, into the senders mental processes

94
Q

hasty generalizations

A

fallacious Argumentwhen a conclusion is base on a signle occurrence or insufficient data or sample size

95
Q

red herring

A

fallacious Argumentuse of another issue to divert attention away from the real issue

96
Q

equivocation

A

*fallacious Argument**using ambiguities in statements to make an argument

97
Q

appeal to relationships

A
  • Fallacious argument*when relationships are used to justify cetrain behaviors
98
Q

appeal to authority

A
  • Fallacious argument*using someones authority in one area (like sports) to support another (magazines)
99
Q

division fallacy

A
  • Fallacious argument*the whole is the same as its parts
100
Q

appeal to people (bandwagon appeal)

A
  • Fallacious argument*claims something is good because everyone agrees with it
101
Q

argument against the source

A
  • Fallacious argument*attacking the source not the argument- obama and romney commercials(ad hominem argument)
102
Q

post hoc ergo propter hoc

A

after this; therefore, because of this something is caused by whatever happened before it

103
Q

cum hoc ergo propter hoc

A

with this; therefore, because of this one event causes another due to the fact that they are happening simultaneously

104
Q

affect displays

A

?

105
Q

Communication is socially constructive

A

we know that there is a teacher and they are going to lecture

106
Q

Vocalics

A

vocal characteristics that provide how to interpret our feelings Not what you say, but how you say it

107
Q

Scene: Agent Ratio

A

Uses a situation to explain the kinds of character who are found in the situation

108
Q

Scene: Act Ratio

A

Uses a situation or circumstances to justify actions

109
Q

Scene: agent: Act ratio

A

Uses a situation or circumstances to explain a persons actions

110
Q

Agent: Act Ratio

A

Uses a persons character to explain there actions

111
Q

Communication as Action

A

To put information out there

112
Q

Communication as transaction

A

to exchange information and arrive at shared realization or deal or something of progress

113
Q

Communication as Interaction

A

To exchange information

114
Q

Proxemics

A

the study of space and distance in communcation

115
Q

Sapir/ Whorf hypothesis

A

the idea that it is the names of objects and ideas that make verbal distinctions and help you make conceptual distinctions rather than the other way around

116
Q

Haptics

A

study of specific non verbal behaviors involving touch

117
Q

connotation

A

overtone or implicated meaning

118
Q

Polysemy

A

multiple meanings for the same word or symbol

119
Q

Kinesics

A

movement that takes place during course of action

120
Q

Social Construction of reality

A

meaning comes from how people interact. This also helps us understand how

121
Q

denotative meaning

A

litthe identification of something by pointing it out (LITERAL MEANING)

122
Q

indexical function

A

indicate the nature of relationship

123
Q

Social Frames

A

Help Define rules of communication for a given setting- make communication more efficient

124
Q

narrative

A

has plot, argument, or theme

125
Q

account

A

forms of communcation that go beyond the facts and offer justifications, excuses, exonerations, explanations, or accusations.

126
Q

Burkes Pentad

A

five elements common to all stories and situations: scene agent act agency and purposes

127
Q

chronemics

A

encompasses use and evaluation of time in interactions

128
Q

Content/ relational levels of meaning

A

Content meaning is literally what is said

129
Q

Essential function of talk

A

a function of talk that makes the relationship real and talks it into being, often by using couipling references or making assumptions that the relationship exists

130
Q

instrumental function

A

a conversation that reveals a goal or brings something new/ changes a relationship

131
Q

Relational Level of meaning

A

¥ Relational meaning comes from what the message says about our relationship

Intro to Communication (11 decks)

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