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AT 2356 > Exam 3 > Flashcards

Exam 3 Flashcards

0
Q

Thermal physiological effects

A

Increased collagen extensibility, decreased pain, decreased spasm, decreased edema, improved blood flow

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1
Q

Modalities include

A

Thermal, electrical, electromagnetic, accoustic, mechanical

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2
Q

Thermotherapy includes ___ and should not be used _____

A

Hot packs, paraffin, whirlpools.

In the acute phase of unjury

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3
Q

Cryotherapy

A

Vasoconstriction, dec. cellular metabolism. Ice packs, massage and whirlpools/baths

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4
Q

Electrical modalities physiological eff. And methods.

A

Stem causes pain modulation, muscle contraction, would healing.
Neuromuscular e stem, micro current, iontophoresis. Little objective evidence of benefits!

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5
Q

Electromagnetic energy

A

Shortwave diathermy & low level laser

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6
Q

Shortwave diathermy

A

Electrical current produces a radio wave that can be absorbed by the body. Phys effects same as heat

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7
Q

Low level laser physical eff

A

Improves circulation, increased collagen prod, decrease inflammation

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8
Q

Ultrasound phys eff of thermal and non thermal

A

Thermal: same as heat
Non: decrease inflammation improve circulation

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9
Q

Mechanical modalities

A

Traction, intermittent compression, massage

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10
Q

Traction

A

Elongation of spine/ soft tissue. Improves circulation alleviates impinged nerves and pain from disc problems

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11
Q

Intermittent compression

A

Use of air or water in sleeve to increase external pressure, decreasing inflammation

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12
Q

Phase components of rehab.

A

Acute care, range of motion, strength intensive, neuromuscular control

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13
Q

Pharmacology

A

Study of drugs and their effects on living organisms

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14
Q

Pharmacokinetics

A

Method drugs are absorbed, distributive, metabolized, eliminated

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15
Q

Inunctions, ointments, pastes, plasters

A

Inunctions: oil based, ointments: water based, pastes: fat based, plasters: nonfat based

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16
Q

Bioavailability

A

How much of a drug can be absorbed

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17
Q

Efficacy

A

Capability to produce a specific effect

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18
Q

Potency

A

Dose of drug necessary to get therapy ethic effects

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19
Q

Livers role

A

Drugs broken down into inactive compounds- metabolism

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20
Q

Exercise does what to absorbtion

A

Decreases oral absorbtion and increases intramuscular and subcutaneous absorbtion

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21
Q

Administer

A

Hand out single dose

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22
Q

Long term control of asthma

A

Corticosteroids, beta antagonists

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23
Q

Narcotics derived from

A

Opiates. For pain. Is a highly controlled substance.

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24
Q

Non narcotic pain relief

A

Acetaminophen. Hard on liver controls fever

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25
Q

Acetylsalicylic acid

A

GI reaction. Reye’s Syndrome: brain damage in small children

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26
Q

Antimetics

A

Nausea/vomiting

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27
Q

Performance enhancing drugs

A

Stimulants, narcotics (pain relief), beta blockers (improves steadiness), diuretics, anabolic steroids

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28
Q

Talus fracture

A

Extreme dorsiflection

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29
Q

Plantar fasciitis causes, s&s and management

A

Poor running tech, change in shoes, excessive pronation. Pain in morning, heel pain. Orthotics, heel cup, stretching.

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30
Q

Jones fracture

A

Fracture at base of 5th metatarsal. Pain on outside of foot. Management: immobilization, surgery

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31
Q

Lisfranc fracture

A

Fracture/dislocation/sprain of mid foot caused by twisting with axial loading. Deformity and swelling. Management: internal fixation

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32
Q

Turf toes

A

Hyper extension of the great toe. Control with ice and modalities. Rigid sole

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33
Q

Sesamoiditis

A

Irritation of sessom is bones at the great toe often caused by turf toes. Control inflammation, surgery

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34
Q

Ankle and lower leg

A

Most common type of injury in athletics

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35
Q

Talicrural joint

A

Plantar/dorsiflexion

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36
Q

Subtalar joint

A

Inversion, eversion, supination and pronation

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37
Q

Lateral Ligaments in ankle

A

Anterior talofibular l: most commonly injured

38
Q

Medial ankle ligs

A

Deltoid ligament

39
Q

Compartments and use

A

Anterior: dorsiflex, extend toes. Lateral: eversion. Posterior deep: inversion, flex toes. Posterior superficial: plantarflexion

40
Q

Functional anatomy

A

Lateral malleolus extends further than medial=more injuries to lat structures, thus ankle is more unstable in inversion/plantarflexion

41
Q

Percent of dorsiflexion and plantarflexion necessary for normal gait

A

10%dorsiflexion, 20% plantarflexion

42
Q

Tap/compression test

A

Tests for fracture

43
Q

Thomson test:

A

Tests for Achilles’ tendon rupture.

44
Q

Anterior Drawer test

A

Anterior talofibular ligament sprain

45
Q

Kleiger test

A

Deltoid ligament sprain

46
Q

Functional tests

A

Walk on heels, toes, lateral and medial borders, hop

47
Q

Inversion ankle sprain

A

Foot is inverted/plantarflexed

48
Q

Eversion ankle sprain

A

5-10% sprains. May involve avulsion fracture

49
Q

Syndesmotic ankle sprain

A

High ankle sprain, involves tibiofibular ligs. Caused by dorsiflexion with rotation.

50
Q

Ankle dislocation

A

High rotational force/trauma. Obvious deformity

51
Q

Achille’s tendon rupture

A

Excessive dorsiflexion often seen in older patients. Feel a snap, inability to plantarflex. Athlete: surgery.

52
Q

Tendinitis

A

Weakening of tendon due to overuse. Tendons: anterior and posterior tibialis, Achilles, and perineal.

53
Q

Compartment syndrome

A

Acute: true medical emergency. Swelling pain shiny skin. Chronic from repetitive motion. General achy pain swelling and pressure.

54
Q

Medial tibial stress syndrome

A

Shin splints. Generalized pain along anterior shin. Causes: right gastroc, weak anterior tibialis, overpronation, overtraining, poor shoes

55
Q

Functional progressions of ankle/lower leg injuries

A

Figure 8s, agility ladder, cutting/changing direction, low intensity ploy metrics

56
Q

Patella

A

Largest sesamoid bone in body, acts as lever to improve quads output, distributes compressive forces

57
Q

Menisci

A

C=medial, o=lateral.

58
Q

Acl

A

Prevents anterior translation (forward movement) of tibia. Supported by hamstrings

59
Q

Pcl

A

Prevents posterior translation of tibia. Supported by quads.

60
Q

MCL

A

Medial collateral lig protects from Valgus forces (forces applied outside towards in)

61
Q

LCL

A

Lateral collateral lig. Prevents varus force. (Medial force applied outward)

62
Q

Quad:

A

Extension. Rectus femoris, vastus lateralis/medialis/intermedius.

63
Q

Hamstrings

A

Flexion. Biceps femoris, semitendinosus, semi membranous.

64
Q

Sartorius

A

Flexion, external rotation.

65
Q

Gracilis

A

Internal rotation

66
Q

Gastrocnemius

A

Flexion

67
Q

Screw home mechanism

A

Tibia externally rotates as it extends.

68
Q

What degree of extension is necessary for a normal gait?

A

0 deg

69
Q

Genu valgus

A

Knock knees

70
Q

Genu varus

A

Bow legs

71
Q

Genu recurvatum

A

Hyperextention

72
Q

Lachman test

A

ACL

73
Q

Valgus stress test

A

Medial collateral lig

74
Q

Varus stress test

A

Lateral collateral

75
Q

Sag test

A

PCL

76
Q

McMurray

A

Meniscus

77
Q

Functional test for knees.

A

Squats, duck walk, cutting drills

78
Q

Prevention braces. Prophylactic:

Functional:

A

Prophylactic prevents knee injury. Functional limits stress on injured structures

79
Q

MCL sprain

A

Mechanism: valgus stress

80
Q

Unhappy triad:

A

ACL, MCL, medial meniscus

81
Q

Meniscus tear

A

Rotational, valgus force. Locking/clicking noise

82
Q

Patella femoral pain syndrome

A

Generic name for anterior knee pain

83
Q

Osgood-schlatter’s disease

A

Apophysitis seen in pre-adolescent boys

84
Q

Rehab:

A

Focus on extension and muscles to support injured structures, balance, plyometrics

85
Q

Tensor fascia latae

A

Abduction

86
Q

Iliopsoas

A

Hip flexor

87
Q

Glutes

A

Extension rotation

88
Q

Iliofemoral
Ischiofemoral
Pubofemoral

A

Largest ligament, sits at head of femur. All3 prevent excessive extension and external rotation

89
Q

Type of pain:

A

Bony:sharp
Muscle: dull achy

90
Q

Femoral fracture

A

Arteries huge issue, possible internal bleeding. Shock is common

91
Q

Hip dislocation

A

Can cause avascular necrosis, the disruption of blood flow to femoral head

92
Q

Young athlete conditions of hip and thigh: Legg-Calve-Perthes disease. Slipped Capital femoris epiphysis

A

LCP disease: avascular necrosis causes flattened femoral head in boys 4-10. Slipped capital-bone shifts at epiphyseal plate

93
Q

Hip pointer

A

Contusion to iliac crest

AT 2356 (7 decks)

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