Ch 25 The Spine Flashcards
C1
atlas
C2
axis
C3-7
flexion, extension, rotation
cervical
anterior
thoracic
posterior. rotation
lumbar
anterior. Major support of body. rotation, extension, flexion
sacrum
posterior
coccyx
anterior
invertebral discs
between each vertebral body. Annulus fibrosus: surrounding strong fibrous tissue. Nucleus pulposus: semi-fluid center, shock absorber.
anterior longitudinal lig
runs full length of spinal cord. limits extension
posterior longitudinal lig
runs full length of spinal cord, limits flexion
interspinous lig
between spinous processes, limits rotation
supraspinous
length of spinous processes
deep muscles
between vertebrae, stabilization of vertebrae, rotation
superficial muscles
vertebrae to the ribs. runs the length of the spinal column, and helps to maintain posture, extension.
Spinal cord
runs through vertebral foramen (behind vertebral body, in front of spinous processes
nerve roots
branch out from spinal cord between each of the vertebrae, becoming the peripheral nerves
spine movement allows
extension, flexion, rotation and lateral rotation
most motion occurs in
cervical and lumbar spine
cervical strengthening
resist excessive forces
lumbar strengthening
core stabilization
cervical flexibility
full range of motion necessary
correct techniques in tackling
head up
correct tech in lifting
lift with legs, not back
ergonomics
proper sitting, ADL (activities of daily living)
must rule out cervical spine injury
pain in neck/arms/hands? loss of consciousness? mechanism of injury
kyphosis
increased thoracic posterior curve
lordosis
excessive lumbar anterior curve
scoliosis
lateral curvature of spine
cervical sprain
sudden violent flexion. symptoms may not appear for 24 hours. rule out fracture, RICE
cervical strain
sudden extension. rule out fracture, RICE
brachial plexus neuropraxia
stinger, burner. Mech: stretching or compression of brachial plexus. S&S: burning, numbness, stinging into arms and hands, pain in trapezius, usually resolves in 48 hrs. MGMT: RICE, return to play when normal motion and no symptoms. Complication: spinal stenosis:narrowing of spinal canal
cervical disc injury
Mech: repetitive cervical loading. S&S: neck pain. radiating pain into the arms and hands. MGMT: rest, traction, possible surgery
Cervical fracture/dislocation
Mech of fracture: axial load. Mech of dislocation: axial load with rotation. S&S: Ottawa C Spine rules (rules to detect a cervical spine injury), pain on the spine, neurological signs (burning, tingling etc), deformity: head tilt. MGMT: cervical stabilization, monitor vitals
cervical spine injury does not
always lead to paralysis
most common position for c spine injury
defensive players and ball carriers (football)
what can prevent c spine injuries
no form of equipment
low back pain
congenital factors: bony development, spina bifida; may be asymptomatic until aggravating injury occurs. Mechanical factors: posture, obesity, poor biomechanics in lifting or job related activities.
lower cross syndrome
characteristic of lower back pain. Weak abs and glute, tight iliopsoas and erector spinae
lumbar fracture
mech: falling from a height, landing on the feet or butt. S&S: point tender, spasm. MGMT: x-ray to determine if fractured, decreased activity.
muscle strain
mech: acute- sudden forceful contraction. chronic- poor posture. S&S: pain in soft tissue, pain with active movement. MGMT: bracing, NSAIDS, stretching/strengthening.
back contusion
Mech: direct blow. S&S: pain, discoloration, spasm. MGMT: cold, rest
herniated disc
Mech: abnormal stress, forward bending and twisting. S&S: sharp central pain that radiates in the legs, increased pain with forward bending or sitting. MGMT: pain modulation, extension exercises, core strengthening, improve posture.
sacroiliac joint
articulation between sacrum and pelvis. supported by strong ligaments but motion may occur
Sacroiliac joint dysfunction
Mech: landing heavily on one leg, unilateral activities. S&S: pain at posterior superior iliac spine (PSIS), pain with forward bending or extending. MGMT: pain modulation, manual therapy to restore joint
coccygeal injury
mech: falling on butt. S&S: pain with sitting. MGMT: x-ray to rule out fracture.
rehab
cervical: improve flexibility. lumbar: strengthening, flexibility, traction
a herniated disk that is separated and begins to migrate is known as___
sequestrated
the most serious injury that occurs in football happens as a result from purposeful
axial loading as a result of spearing
wedge fractures in 3 or more vertebrae and/or degeneration of the vertebral epiphyseal end plates is known as
Scheuermann’s disease
