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AT 2356 > Ch 25 The Spine > Flashcards

Ch 25 The Spine Flashcards

1
Q

C1

A

atlas

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2
Q

C2

A

axis

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3
Q

C3-7

A

flexion, extension, rotation

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4
Q

cervical

A

anterior

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5
Q

thoracic

A

posterior. rotation

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6
Q

lumbar

A

anterior. Major support of body. rotation, extension, flexion

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7
Q

sacrum

A

posterior

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8
Q

coccyx

A

anterior

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9
Q

invertebral discs

A

between each vertebral body. Annulus fibrosus: surrounding strong fibrous tissue. Nucleus pulposus: semi-fluid center, shock absorber.

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10
Q

anterior longitudinal lig

A

runs full length of spinal cord. limits extension

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11
Q

posterior longitudinal lig

A

runs full length of spinal cord, limits flexion

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12
Q

interspinous lig

A

between spinous processes, limits rotation

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13
Q

supraspinous

A

length of spinous processes

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14
Q

deep muscles

A

between vertebrae, stabilization of vertebrae, rotation

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15
Q

superficial muscles

A

vertebrae to the ribs. runs the length of the spinal column, and helps to maintain posture, extension.

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16
Q

Spinal cord

A

runs through vertebral foramen (behind vertebral body, in front of spinous processes

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17
Q

nerve roots

A

branch out from spinal cord between each of the vertebrae, becoming the peripheral nerves

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18
Q

spine movement allows

A

extension, flexion, rotation and lateral rotation

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19
Q

most motion occurs in

A

cervical and lumbar spine

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20
Q

cervical strengthening

A

resist excessive forces

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21
Q

lumbar strengthening

A

core stabilization

22
Q

cervical flexibility

A

full range of motion necessary

23
Q

correct techniques in tackling

A

head up

24
Q

correct tech in lifting

A

lift with legs, not back

25
Q

ergonomics

A

proper sitting, ADL (activities of daily living)

26
Q

must rule out cervical spine injury

A

pain in neck/arms/hands? loss of consciousness? mechanism of injury

27
Q

kyphosis

A

increased thoracic posterior curve

28
Q

lordosis

A

excessive lumbar anterior curve

29
Q

scoliosis

A

lateral curvature of spine

30
Q

cervical sprain

A

sudden violent flexion. symptoms may not appear for 24 hours. rule out fracture, RICE

31
Q

cervical strain

A

sudden extension. rule out fracture, RICE

32
Q

brachial plexus neuropraxia

A

stinger, burner. Mech: stretching or compression of brachial plexus. S&S: burning, numbness, stinging into arms and hands, pain in trapezius, usually resolves in 48 hrs. MGMT: RICE, return to play when normal motion and no symptoms. Complication: spinal stenosis:narrowing of spinal canal

33
Q

cervical disc injury

A

Mech: repetitive cervical loading. S&S: neck pain. radiating pain into the arms and hands. MGMT: rest, traction, possible surgery

34
Q

Cervical fracture/dislocation

A

Mech of fracture: axial load. Mech of dislocation: axial load with rotation. S&S: Ottawa C Spine rules (rules to detect a cervical spine injury), pain on the spine, neurological signs (burning, tingling etc), deformity: head tilt. MGMT: cervical stabilization, monitor vitals

35
Q

cervical spine injury does not

A

always lead to paralysis

36
Q

most common position for c spine injury

A

defensive players and ball carriers (football)

37
Q

what can prevent c spine injuries

A

no form of equipment

38
Q

low back pain

A

congenital factors: bony development, spina bifida; may be asymptomatic until aggravating injury occurs. Mechanical factors: posture, obesity, poor biomechanics in lifting or job related activities.

39
Q

lower cross syndrome

A

characteristic of lower back pain. Weak abs and glute, tight iliopsoas and erector spinae

40
Q

lumbar fracture

A

mech: falling from a height, landing on the feet or butt. S&S: point tender, spasm. MGMT: x-ray to determine if fractured, decreased activity.

41
Q

muscle strain

A

mech: acute- sudden forceful contraction. chronic- poor posture. S&S: pain in soft tissue, pain with active movement. MGMT: bracing, NSAIDS, stretching/strengthening.

42
Q

back contusion

A

Mech: direct blow. S&S: pain, discoloration, spasm. MGMT: cold, rest

43
Q

herniated disc

A

Mech: abnormal stress, forward bending and twisting. S&S: sharp central pain that radiates in the legs, increased pain with forward bending or sitting. MGMT: pain modulation, extension exercises, core strengthening, improve posture.

44
Q

sacroiliac joint

A

articulation between sacrum and pelvis. supported by strong ligaments but motion may occur

45
Q

Sacroiliac joint dysfunction

A

Mech: landing heavily on one leg, unilateral activities. S&S: pain at posterior superior iliac spine (PSIS), pain with forward bending or extending. MGMT: pain modulation, manual therapy to restore joint

46
Q

coccygeal injury

A

mech: falling on butt. S&S: pain with sitting. MGMT: x-ray to rule out fracture.

47
Q

rehab

A

cervical: improve flexibility. lumbar: strengthening, flexibility, traction

48
Q

a herniated disk that is separated and begins to migrate is known as___

A

sequestrated

49
Q

the most serious injury that occurs in football happens as a result from purposeful

A

axial loading as a result of spearing

50
Q

wedge fractures in 3 or more vertebrae and/or degeneration of the vertebral epiphyseal end plates is known as

A

Scheuermann’s disease

AT 2356 (7 decks)

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