Ch 26 the head, face, eyes, nose, ears, and throat.

Question 1

bone number and function

Answer 1

22 bones. to protect brain

Question 2

mandible

Answer 2

only movable bone in head

Question 3

cerebrum

Answer 3

voluntary activities, sensory input, higher mental functions

Question 4

cerebellum

Answer 4

coordination of muscle movement

Question 5

pons

Answer 5

sleep, swallowing, respiration

Question 6

medulla

Answer 6

HR, BP, breathing, coughing

Question 7

head injury rule out

Answer 7

cervical fracture

Question 8

concussion

Answer 8

complex pathophysiological process affecting the brain, induced by traumatic biomechanical forces. resolves spontaneously. functional disturbance rather than structural. may/not result in loss of consciousness

Question 9

management of concussion

Answer 9

when in doubt, sit out. avoid tv/iphones, etc. any athlete suspected of concussion must be removed from field and inspected, and should not return to activity on same day. secondary athletes must receive clearance from physician to return. must be asymptomatic

Question 10

concussion tests

Answer 10

Scat3, ImPact, BESS balance test, SAC

Question 11

activity progression after concussion

Answer 11

light aerobic activity: no weight training. Sport specific: skating, running. non contact drills. contact drills (medical clearance). gameplay.

Question 12

epidural hematoma

Answer 12

slow onset (minutes to hours). bleeding between skull and dura mater. S&S: gradual deterioration of consciousness/orientation, headache, unequal pupils, increased BP. Activate EMS

Question 13

subdural hematoma

Answer 13

fast onset. bleeding between dura mater and brain. S&S: disorientation, unequal pupils, deterioration of symptoms. Activate EMS

Question 14

Scalp laceration

Answer 14

MGMT: control bleeding, suture when necessary

Question 15

mandible fracture/dislocation

Answer 15

Mech: direct blow. S&S: malocclusion, inability to bite down/pain, bleeding, locked open=dislocation. MGMT: reduction/fixation, soft foods/ liquid diet, return to activity: fracture=4-6 wks, dislocation=1-2 wks

Question 16

uncomplicated fracture

Answer 16

small portion, no bleeding, pulp chamber not exposed.

Question 17

complicated fracture

Answer 17

bleeding, pulp chamber exposed, great deal of pain.

Question 18

root fracture

Answer 18

occurs below gum line, so diagnosis can be difficult and require an x ray. tooth may be in normal position but bleeding does occur around tooth from gum

Question 19

subluxation/luxation

Answer 19

tooth loosened, pushed in, or pushed out.

Question 20

avulsion

Answer 20

tooth knocked out. refer ASAP, 90% chance of good replacement if within 30 min

Question 21

nasal fracture

Answer 21

Mech: direct trauma. S&S: deformity, bleeding. MGMT: control bleeding. evaluate concussion, ice, refer. Return to play: facemask

Question 22

epistaxis

Answer 22

Mech: direct trauma, dry air, allergies. MGMT: ice to nose, and back of head. easy pressure along top of nose, lean forward, return to play: noseplug. >5 min refer to dr.

Question 23

auricular hematoma

Answer 23

mech: friction causes separation of cartilage, fills with blood. S&S inflammation, heat. MGMT: ice, pressure, drain, prevention: head gear

Question 24

tympanic membrane rupture

Answer 24

mech: changes in pressure, slap. S&S: whistling, dizziness, nausea. MGMT: avoid water in ear, monitor for infection, refer

Question 25

orbital fracture

Answer 25

mech:direct blow, S&S: diplopia (double vision), painful/restricted eye movement, swelling/discoloration. MGMT: refer

Question 26

retinal detachment

Answer 26

mech:direct blow to head/repetitive trauma. S&S: “curtain falls over eye”, specks/flashes. refer to ophthalmologist

Question 27

acute conjuctivitis

Answer 27

irritation of conjunctiva- tissue surrounding the eye. S&S: itchy, redness, gunk. MGMT: refer for eyedrops

Question 28

according to Cantu, when is an athlete who has suffered a grade 2 concussion allowed to return to play?

Answer 28

asymptomatic for 2 weeks