Ch 26 the head, face, eyes, nose, ears, and throat. Flashcards
bone number and function
22 bones. to protect brain
mandible
only movable bone in head
cerebrum
voluntary activities, sensory input, higher mental functions
cerebellum
coordination of muscle movement
pons
sleep, swallowing, respiration
medulla
HR, BP, breathing, coughing
head injury rule out
cervical fracture
concussion
complex pathophysiological process affecting the brain, induced by traumatic biomechanical forces. resolves spontaneously. functional disturbance rather than structural. may/not result in loss of consciousness
management of concussion
when in doubt, sit out. avoid tv/iphones, etc. any athlete suspected of concussion must be removed from field and inspected, and should not return to activity on same day. secondary athletes must receive clearance from physician to return. must be asymptomatic
concussion tests
Scat3, ImPact, BESS balance test, SAC
activity progression after concussion
light aerobic activity: no weight training. Sport specific: skating, running. non contact drills. contact drills (medical clearance). gameplay.
epidural hematoma
slow onset (minutes to hours). bleeding between skull and dura mater. S&S: gradual deterioration of consciousness/orientation, headache, unequal pupils, increased BP. Activate EMS
subdural hematoma
fast onset. bleeding between dura mater and brain. S&S: disorientation, unequal pupils, deterioration of symptoms. Activate EMS
Scalp laceration
MGMT: control bleeding, suture when necessary
mandible fracture/dislocation
Mech: direct blow. S&S: malocclusion, inability to bite down/pain, bleeding, locked open=dislocation. MGMT: reduction/fixation, soft foods/ liquid diet, return to activity: fracture=4-6 wks, dislocation=1-2 wks
uncomplicated fracture
small portion, no bleeding, pulp chamber not exposed.
complicated fracture
bleeding, pulp chamber exposed, great deal of pain.
root fracture
occurs below gum line, so diagnosis can be difficult and require an x ray. tooth may be in normal position but bleeding does occur around tooth from gum
subluxation/luxation
tooth loosened, pushed in, or pushed out.
avulsion
tooth knocked out. refer ASAP, 90% chance of good replacement if within 30 min
nasal fracture
Mech: direct trauma. S&S: deformity, bleeding. MGMT: control bleeding. evaluate concussion, ice, refer. Return to play: facemask
epistaxis
Mech: direct trauma, dry air, allergies. MGMT: ice to nose, and back of head. easy pressure along top of nose, lean forward, return to play: noseplug. >5 min refer to dr.
auricular hematoma
mech: friction causes separation of cartilage, fills with blood. S&S inflammation, heat. MGMT: ice, pressure, drain, prevention: head gear
tympanic membrane rupture
mech: changes in pressure, slap. S&S: whistling, dizziness, nausea. MGMT: avoid water in ear, monitor for infection, refer
orbital fracture
mech:direct blow, S&S: diplopia (double vision), painful/restricted eye movement, swelling/discoloration. MGMT: refer
retinal detachment
mech:direct blow to head/repetitive trauma. S&S: “curtain falls over eye”, specks/flashes. refer to ophthalmologist
acute conjuctivitis
irritation of conjunctiva- tissue surrounding the eye. S&S: itchy, redness, gunk. MGMT: refer for eyedrops
according to Cantu, when is an athlete who has suffered a grade 2 concussion allowed to return to play?
asymptomatic for 2 weeks
