Exam 3 Flashcards
How many Cranial nerves do we have?
12
Which type of glial cell is responsible for forming the blood-brain barrier?
Astrocytes
What is the main neurotransmitter released by motor neurons to stimulate skeletal muscles?
Acetylcholine
- Somatostatin
- Glucagon
- Role in appetite
- Insulin
- Alpha Cells
- Beta Cells
- Delta Cells
- PP Cells
Somatostatin: DeltaCells
Glucagon: Beta Cells
Role in appetite: PP Cells
Insulin: Alpha Cells
What is the effect of insulin on liver metabolism?
It promotes gluconeogenesis.
It inhibits glycogenesis.
It promotes glycogenesis.
It increases blood glucose levels.
It stimulates ketogenesis.
It promotes glycogenesis.
What is the primary action of parathyroid hormone (PTH)?
It decreases blood calcium levels.
It increases blood calcium levels by stimulating osteoclasts.
It regulates thyroid hormone levels.
It promotes insulin secretion.
It inhibits bone resorption.
It increases blood calcium levels by stimulating osteoclasts.
Where is the thyroid gland located?
Behind the kidneys
In the brain
In the neck, below the Adam’s apple
Near the pancreas
In the neck, below the Adam’s apple
Which adult structure(s) arises from the diencephalon?
thalamus and hypothalamus
Endocrine glands ________.
secrete hormones that travel through a duct to the target organs
release neurotransmitters into the synaptic cleft
secrete chemical messengers that travel in the bloodstream
Include sebaceous glands and sweat glands
secrete chemical messengers that travel in the bloodstream
What is a common consequence of iodine deficiency in adults?
Hyperparathyroidism
Goiter formation
Increased metabolic rate
Weight loss
Elevated calcium levels
Goiter formation
What is the primary function of the brain ventricles?
To store memories
To produce hormones
To circulate and contain cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)
To transmit nerve impulses
To connect different brain regions
To circulate and contain cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)
What is the effect of oxytocin released from the posterior pituitary gland?
It promotes milk ejection during breastfeeding.
It inhibits the release of antidiuretic hormone (ADH).
It stimulates thyroid hormone secretion.
It increases blood glucose levels.
It regulates metabolic rate.
It promotes milk ejection during breastfeeding.
What is a ganglion in the nervous system?
A cluster of axons in the central nervous system
A mass of connective tissue in muscles
A collection of neuron cell bodies located outside the central nervous system
A type of glial cell found in the brain
A structure that releases neurotransmitters into the bloodstream
A collection of neuron cell bodies located outside the central nervous system
Ridges (Bumps) of tissue on the surface of the cerebral hemispheres are called:
Gyri
Sucli
Fissures
Ganglia
Nuclei
Gyri
Which of the following structures is NOT considered part of the basal ganglia?
Caudate nucleus
Putamen
Globus pallidus
Substantia nigra
Thalamus
Thalamus
Which of the following hormones is produced by the anterior pituitary gland?
Oxytocin
Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
Luteinizing hormone (LH)
Thyroxine (T4)
Calcitonin
Luteinizing hormone (LH)
Corticotropin releasing hormone (CRH) is released by which of the following glands?
Thalamus
Hypothalamus
Adrenal
Thyroid
Pituitary
Hypothalamus
Which structure predominates in the white matter of the brain?
myelinated axons
neuronal cell bodies
ganglia of the parasympathetic nerves
bundles of dendrites from the enteric nervous system
myelinated axons
Which of the following is a common cause of an ischemic stroke?
Rupture of a brain aneurysm
Hemorrhage into brain tissue
Blockage of a cerebral artery due to a blood clot
Head trauma
Infection of the brain tissue
Blockage of a cerebral artery due to a blood clot
Which of the following laboratory findings is most consistent with hypothyroidism?
Low thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) and high thyroxine (T4)
High TSH and low thyroxine (T4)
Normal TSH and normal thyroxine (T4)
Low TSH and low thyroxine (T4)
High TSH and high thyroxine (T4)
High TSH and low thyroxine (T4)
Match the types of brain cells (neurons and glial cells) and their functions:
__5__
Produce cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)
__1__
Transmit electrical signals
__2__
Form the blood-brain barrier
__4__
Remove waste and provide immune defense
__3__
Provide structural support and insulation
- Neurons
- Astrocytes
- Oligodendrocytes
- Microglia
- Ependymal cells
The middle membrane of the three Meninges is called:
Arachnoid Mater
Subdural
Dura Mater
Pia Mater
Subarachnoid
Arachnoid Mater
__1__
Thyroid hormones with certain reproductive hormones.
__3__
Two pancreatic hormones, insulin and glucagon.
__2__
FSH from the pituitary gland and estrogens from the ovaries.
- The permissive effect
- The synergistic effect
- The antagonistic effect
