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Anatomy and Physiology > Exam-2 > Flashcards

Exam-2 Flashcards

1
Q

What is the term for a raised scar caused by the overproduction of collagen?

Keloid

Atrophic scar

Acne scar

Stretch mark

A

Keloid

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2
Q

What hormone stimulates bone resorption and increases blood calcium levels?

Calcitonin

Growth hormone

Parathyroid hormone (PTH)

Estrogen

A

Parathyroid hormone (PTH)

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3
Q
A
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4
Q

What is the term for a raised scar caused by overproduction of collagen?

Keloid

Atrophic scar

Acne scar

Stretch mark

A

Keloid

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5
Q

What hormone stimulates bone resorption and increases blood calcium levels?

Calcitonin

Growth hormone

Parathyroid hormone (PTH)

Estrogen

A

Parathyroid Hormone (PTH)

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6
Q

Which of the following is classified as a true rib?
Rib 8

Rib 10

Rib 5

Rib 12

A

Rib 5

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7
Q

The ilium is part of which structure?

Rib cage

Vertebral column

Pelvis

Shoulder girdle

A

Pelvis

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8
Q

What is the shallow depression on the scapula that articulates with the humerus?

Acromion

Glenoid cavity

Infraglenoid tubercle

Subscapular fossa

A

Glenoid cavity

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9
Q

Which structure in muscle cells stores calcium ions?

Sarcolemma

Myofibril

Sarcoplasmic reticulum

Mitochondria

A

Sarcoplasmic reticulum

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10
Q

How many bones form the adult vertebral column?

20

24

30

34

A

24

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11
Q

Which region of the vertebral column contains the most vertebrae?

Cervical

Thoracic

Lumbar

Sacral

A

Thoracic

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12
Q

Which of the following is a function of the skeletal system?

Facilitates movement

Produces hormones

Destroys pathogens

Produces enzymes

A

Facilitates movement

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13
Q

Match the following types of bones with their descriptions:

____
Typically cube-shaped, being approximately equal in length, width, and thickness.

____
Have complex shapes that don’t fit into other categories like vertebrae

____
Thin and often curved, like the sternum.

____
Longer than they are wide, primarily involved in movement and support.

A

Short Bones
Irregular Bones
Flat Bones
Long Bones

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14
Q

Which bone is part of the axial skeleton?

Femur

Clavicle

Sternum

Pelvis

A

Sternum

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15
Q

What type of movement is supination?

Rotating the forearm so the palm is facing downward

Rotating the forearm so the palm is facing upward

Flexing the wrist

Extending the wrist

A

Rotating the forearm so the palm is facing upward

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16
Q

What is the primary function of red bone marrow?

Produces blood cells

Stores minerals

Protects vital organs

Synthesizes hormones

A

Produces blood cells

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17
Q

During muscle contraction, the power stroke occurs when:

Myosin heads pull the actin filaments

Actin binds to ATP

Calcium binds to myosin

Myosin releases AD

A

Myosin heads pull the actin filaments

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18
Q

Which of the following describes abduction?

Moving a limb toward the midline of the body

Bending a joint to decrease the angle between two bones

Moving a limb away from the midline of the body

Rotating a limb around its axis

A

Moving a limb away from the midline of the body

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19
Q

Which of the following muscle tissues is striated?

Skeletal muscle

Smooth muscle

Cardiac muscle

None of the above

A

Skeletal muscle

20
Q

Which layer of the skin contains the blood vessels and nerves?

Epidermis

Hypodermis

Dermis

Stratum corneum

A

Dermis

21
Q

Match each type of fracture with its description:

Occurs at an angle that is not 90 degrees

Several breaks result in many small pieces between two large segments

Occurs straight across the long axis of the bone

A fracture in which the skin remains intact

A

Occurs at an angle that is not 90 degrees: Oblique Fracture

Several breaks result in many small pieces between two large segments: Comminuted fracture

Occurs straight across the long axis of the bone: Transverse fracture

A fracture in which the skin remains intact: Closed Fracture

22
Q

The scapula is also known as the:

Shoulder joint

Collarbone

Shoulder blade

Pelvic bone

A

Shoulder blade

23
Q

Which part of the integumentary system is responsible for thermoregulation?

Sweat glands

Melanocytes

Sebaceous glands

Keratinocytes

A

Sweat glands

24
Q

Which bone forms the lateral part of the forearm?

Ulna

Radius

Humerus

Clavicle

A

Radius

25
Q

Which vitamin is synthesized by the skin when exposed to UV light?

Vitamin A

Vitamin B

Vitamin D

Vitamin E

A

Vitamin D

26
Q

Which function is NOT performed by the integumentary system?

Vitamin D synthesis

Protection from pathogens

Body temperature regulation

Oxygen exchange

A

Oxygen exchange

27
Q

The muscle that assists the prime mover is called the:

Antagonist

Synergist

Fixator

Agonist

A

Synergist

28
Q

Which bone forms the medial part of the forearm?

Ulna

Radius

Humerus

Scapula

A

Ulna

29
Q

Which of the following best describes endochondral ossification?

Bone develops by replacing hyaline cartilage

Bone forms from dense connective tissue

Bone forms directly from mesenchymal tissue

Bone grows from tendons

A

Bone develops by replacing hyaline cartilage

30
Q

The only bone that lies in a horizontal position in the body is the:
Humerus

Clavicle

Scapula

Radius

A

Clavicle

31
Q

Which muscle is the primary agonist during elbow flexion?

Triceps

Biceps

Brachialis

Brachioradialis

A

Biceps

32
Q

Match the following burns type according to the depth and extent of affected skin layers:

__4__
affecting the underlying muscle and bone.

__1__
Only epidermis and causes redness and pain.

__2__
extends into both the epidermis and dermis.

__3__
affects epidermis, dermis, and subcutaneous tissue.

A

affecting the underlying muscle and bone: Fourth Degree

Only epidermis and causes redness and pain: First Degree

extends into both the epidermis and dermis: Second Degree

affects epidermis, dermis, and subcutaneous tissue: Third Degre

33
Q

Shortening of the sarcomeres tension in the muscle stays:

Constant muscle length changes to move a load:

Muscle Length does not change:

Contraction of the muscle
Isotonic contraction
isometric contraction

A

Shortening of the sarcomeres tension in the muscle stays: Contraction of the muscle

Constant muscle length changes to move a load: Isotonic contraction

Muscle Length does not change: isometric contraction

34
Q

The action of bringing a limb closer to the midline of the body is called:

Flexion

Extension

Abduction

Adduction

A

Adduction

35
Q

In the anatomical position, the radius is found in the lateral forearm, while the ulna is found in the medial forearm.

True
False
A

True

36
Q

What are the small bones found in the middle ear called?

Ossicles

Sacrum

Vomer

Nasal bones

A

Ossicles

37
Q

Which of the following is a secondary curvature of the vertebral column that develops after birth?

Coccygeal curve

Lumbar curve

Thoracic curve

Sacral curve

A

Lumbar Curve

38
Q

Develops from a mole as a result of an uncontrolled growth of melanocytes and is the most fatal of all skin cancers.

A

Melanoma

39
Q

Is the most common of all cancers that occur in the US, develop from the stratum basale of the epidermis, and is frequently found on sun exposure areas.

A

Basal cell carcinoma

40
Q

is the second most common skin cancer and affects the stratum spinosum and also affects sun exposed areas of the skin.

A

Squamous Cell carcinoma

41
Q
  1. Contains only actin filaments.
  2. Marks the boundary of a sarcomere.
  3. Contains only myosin filaments.
  4. Contains both actin and myosin filaments.
A
  1. Contains only actin filaments: I Band
  2. Marks the boundary of a sarcomere: Z Line
  3. Contains only myosin filaments: H Zone
  4. Contains both actin and myosin filaments: A band
42
Q

What is the functional unit of a skeletal muscle fiber?

T tubules

Myofibril

Sarcomere

Sarcoplasmic reticulum

A

Sarcromere

43
Q

Which type of fracture results in a bone-breaking into many small pieces?

Greenstick

Transverse

Comminuted

Spiral

A

Comminuted

44
Q
  1. muscle mass and size increases
  2. Low muscle tension
  3. Production of more muscle cells by division
  4. Excessive muscle tension
  5. Muscle mass and size decrease
A
  1. muscle mass and size increases: Hypertrophy
  2. Low muscle tension: Hypotonia
  3. Production of more muscle cells by division: Hyperplasia
  4. Excessive muscle tension: Hypertonia
  5. Muscle mass and size decrease: Atrophy
45
Q

What is the neurotransmitter that triggers muscle contraction at the neuromuscular junction?

Dopamine

Norepinephrine

Serotonin

Acetylcholine

A

Acetylcholine

Anatomy and Physiology (6 decks)

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