Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Anatomy and Physiology > Endocrine System > Flashcards

Endocrine System Flashcards

1
Q

adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)

A

Anterior pituitary hormone that stimulates the adrenal cortex to secrete corticosteroid hormones (also called corticotropin)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

aldosterone

A

The hormone produced and secreted by the adrenal cortex that stimulates sodium and fluid retention and increases blood volume and blood pressure. (A type of mineralocorticoid)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

antidiuretic hormone (ADH)

A

The hypothalamic hormone that is stored by the posterior pituitary and that signals the kidneys to reabsorb water calcitonin: peptide hormone produced and secreted by the parafollicular cells (C cells) of the thyroid gland that functions to decrease blood calcium levels; a chemical produced in the brain that causes the kidneys to release less water, decreasing the amount of urine produced

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

cortisol

A

glucocorticoid is important in gluconeogenesis, the catabolism of glycogen, and the downregulation of the immune system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

epinephrine

A

primary and most potent catecholamine hormone secreted by the adrenal medulla in response to short-term stress; also called adrenal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

estrogens

A

class of predominantly female sex hormones necessary for the development and growth of the female reproductive tract, secondary sex characteristics, the female reproductive cycle, and the maintenance of pregnancy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)

A

anterior pituitary hormone that stimulates the production and maturation of sex cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

glucagon

A

pancreatic hormone that stimulates the catabolism of glycogen to glucose, thereby increasing blood glucose level

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

glucocorticoids

A

Hormones produced by the zona fasciculate of the adrenal cortex that influence glucose metabolism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

gonadotropin

A

hormones that regulate the function of the gonads

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

growth hormone (GH)

A

anterior pituitary hormone that promotes tissue building and influences nutrient metabolism (also called somatotropin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

inhibin

A

hormone secreted by the male and female gonads that inhibits FSH production by the anterior pituitary

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

insulin

A

Pancreatic hormone that enhances the cellular uptake and utilization of glucose, thereby decreasing blood glucose levels

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

luteinizing hormone (LH

A

The anterior pituitary hormone that triggers ovulation, the production of ovarian hormones, and the production of testosterone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

melatonin

A

Amino acid-derived hormone that is secreted in response to low light and causes drowsiness

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

mineralocorticoids

A

Hormones produced by the zona glomerulosa cells of the adrenal cortex that influence fluid and electrolyte balance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

norepinephrine

A

secondary catecholamine hormone secreted by the adrenal medulla in response to short-term stress, also called noradrenalin (there is EPINEPHRINE, and NOREpinephrine)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

oxytocin

A

hypothalamic hormone stored in the posterior pituitary gland and essential in stimulating uterine contractions in labor, milk ejection during breastfeeding, and feelings of attachment (produced by males and females)

19
Q

parathyroid hormone (PTH)

A

peptide hormone produced and secreted by the parathyroid glands in response to low blood calcium level; helps regulate calcium levels in the blood. When calcium levels are low, the parathyroid glands release PTH, which tells the body to release calcium from bones and absorb more calcium from food. When calcium levels are high, the parathyroid glands stop producing PTH.

20
Q

pineal gland

A

Endocrine gland that secretes melatonin, which is important in regulating the sleep-wake cycle

21
Q

pituitary gland

A

bean-sized organ suspended from the hypothalamus that produces, stores, and secretes hormones in response to hypothalamic stimulation (also called hypophysis)

22
Q

progesterone

A

predominantly female sex hormone important in regulating the female reproductive cycle and the maintenance of pregnancy

23
Q

prolactin (PRL)

A

Anterior pituitary hormone that promotes the development of the mammary glands and the production of breast milk

24
Q

testosterone

A

steroid hormone secreted by the testes and essential in the maturation of sperm cells, growth and development of the reproductive system, and the development of secondary sex characteristics

25
Q

thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)

A

The anterior pituitary hormone that triggers the secretion of thyroid hormones by the thyroid gland (also called thyrotropin)

26
Q

thyroxine

A

(also, tetraiodothyronine, T4) amino acid–derived thyroid hormone that is more abundant but less potent than T3and often converted to T3by target cells

27
Q

Triiodothyronine

A

(also, T3) amino acid–derived thyroid hormone that is less abundant but more potent than T

28
Q

Upregulation

A

Increase in the number of hormone receptors, typically in response to chronically reduced levels of a hormone

29
Q

zona fasciculata

A

intermediate region of the adrenal cortex that produce hormones called glucocorticoids

30
Q

zona glomerulosa

A

Most superficial region of the adrenal cortex, which produces the hormones collectively referred to as mineralocorticoid

31
Q

zona reticularis

A

the deepest region of the adrenal cortex, which produces the steroid sex hormones called androgens

32
Q

endocine

A

Hormones diffuse into the blood that can travel long distances throughout the body

33
Q

autocrine

A

(auto = self); produces a chemical that is going to be used on the same cell that secreted said chemical

34
Q

Paracrine

A

a type of cell signaling where a cell releases a signal to change the behavior of nearby cellsA chemical that produces a chemical in a neighboring cell

35
Q

If an autoimmune disorder targets the alpha cells, production of which hormone would be directly affected?

A

glucagon

36
Q

The secretion of thyroid hormones is controlled by ________.

A

TSH from the anterior pituitary

37
Q

Endocrine glands ________.

A

secrete chemical messengers that travel in the bloodstream

38
Q

The adrenal glands are attached superiorly to which organ?

A

kidneys

39
Q

What cells secrete melatonin?

A

pinealocytes

40
Q

The production of melatonin is inhibited by ________.

A

exposure to bright light

41
Q

Chemical signaling that affects neighboring cells is called ________.

A

paracrine

42
Q

How many hormones are secreted by the posterior pituitary?

A

2

43
Q

When blood calcium levels are low, Parathyroid Hormone (PTH) stimulates ________.

A

The activity of osteoclasts

44
Q

Which of the following is an anterior pituitary hormone?

A

Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)

Anatomy and Physiology (6 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions