Exam 3

Question 1

definition of shaping

Answer 1

differential reinforcement of successive approximations of a target behavior

Question 2

when do we use shaping

Answer 2

• When developing a target behavior that is not currently in an individuals repertoire
• reinstating a previous behavior
• modifying an existing behavior.

Question 3

role of extinction burst in shaping

Answer 3

when a behavior is no longer reinforced, extinction burst occurs. Modified or novel behaviors are exhibited. These behaviors that are closer approximations to target behavior are reinforced.

Question 4

steps in using shaping

Answer 4

1. pick steps that are moderate
2. back up if necessary
3. pick a appropriate reinforcer
4. differentially reinforce behavior until it occurs reliably
5. extinction
6. pick behavior that is closer approximation to reinforce
7. repeat until target behavior occurs

Question 5

definition of behavior chain

Answer 5

complex behavior consisting of many component behaviors that occur together in a specific sequence

Question 6

task analysis

Answer 6

specific steps to reach a goal ( chewing gum)

Question 7

total task chaining

Answer 7

chain of behaviors is taught in a single unit

Question 8

backward chaining

Answer 8

teach last behavior in the chain first

Question 9

forward chaining

Answer 9

teach first behavior in the chain

Question 10

training sequence

Answer 10

1. Present the S D
2. Present prompt (verbal or physical)
3. Provide praise (and possibly other reinforcers) for correct response
4. Fade prompts (or use prompt delay)
5. When response occurs without prompts, move to the next component
6. repeat

Question 11

role of conditioned reinforcement in behavior chain

Answer 11

remove reinforcement after component has been learned

Question 12

definition of prompting

Answer 12

used to develop stimulus control – get the right behavior to occur at the right time

Question 13

response prompts

Answer 13

1. verbal
2. gestural
3. modeling
4. physical

Question 14

2 stimulus prompts

Answer 14

1. within stimulus prompts
2. extrastimulus prompt

Question 15

within stimulus prompt

Answer 15

change the salience of sdelta or SD

Question 16

extrastimulus prompt

Answer 16

adding another stimulus or cue to the SD

Question 17

definition of fading

Answer 17

gradual removal of a prompt while the behavior continues to occur in the presence of the SD

Question 18

goal of fading

Answer 18

goal is to have individual engage in behavior without prompts

Question 19

Least-to-most prompting and fading

Answer 19

When physical prompting is not needed

Question 20

Most-to-least prompting and fading

Answer 20

When physical prompting is needed

Question 21

prompt delay

Answer 21

present SD, wait a specified time, if correct response is not made, then provide prompt.

Question 22

stimulus fading

Answer 22

gradually removing additional stimuli or more salient SD