Exam 2 Flashcards
What is the law of effect?
Behaviors that are followed by satisfying outcomes are more likely to be repeated while behaviors that are followed by an unsatisfying outcome or less likely to be repeated
Positive reinforcement
Stimulus added to the environment
Negative reinforcement
Stimulus subtracted from environment
Avoidance
The behavior results in the prevention of the aversive stimulus
Escape
The behavior results and the termination of the aversive stimulus
Premack principle
The opportunity to engage in high probability behavior as consequence for a low probability behavior to increase the low probability behavior
Contrived reinforcer
Reinforce her that have been deliberately arranged to modify a behavior
Natural reinforcer
Reinforcers that are typically provided for a certain behavior
Social
Reinforcement provided through the actions of another person
Autonomic reinforcement
Reinforcement provided by direct contact with environment
Fixed ratio
Reinforcement is contingent of a fixed predictable number of responses
Variable ratio
Reinforcement is containment is varying unpredictable number of responses
Fixed interval
Reinforcement is contingent upon the first response after a fixed predictable period of time
Variable interval
Reinforcement is contingent upon the first response after varying unpredictable period of time
Matching law
Rate of responding is generally proportional to the rate of reinforcement in each schedule
Definition of stimulus control
The presence of an SD reliably affects the probability of a behavior
SD
Stimulus is presence of which responses are in reinforced and in the absence they are not
S Delta
Discriminative stimulus for extinction
Discrimination training
Phone rings-> pick it up-> talk to someone
Phone doesn’t ring-> pick it up-> no one is There
Outcome : you are more likely to pick up the phone when it rings, but not when it isn’t
Response maintenance
Ability to continue performing a learned behavior after an intervention has been removed or has faded
Response generalization
Across behavior group of behaviors that will produce the same reinforcer
Stimulus generalization
Tendency for a response to being admitted in the presence of a stimulus that is similar to an SD
What are the three antecedent interventions?
Manipulate the SD, manipulate the MO, Increase or decrease response effort
Manipulate SD
Arrange physical or social environment to present SD
Manipulate MO
If you can increase the reinforcing value of the consequences of behavior, you make it more likely that the behavior will occur
Increase response effort
Increase desirable behavior by making competing undesirable behavior, less likely
Decrease response effort
Arrange antecedent conditions such that less effort is needed to engage and desirable behavior
Temporal contiguity
The time between a behavior and a consequence; better learning happens the shorter the time frame
Contingency
If/then relationship between behavior and consequence. If you do something then you get a certain outcome.
High probability sequence
A request to comply with low probability task is proceeded with request to comply with high probability task. This involves presenting a series of simple request that a person is likely to complete before asking them to do something more difficult.
Non- contingent reinforcement
A behavioral intervention that involves providing a student with reinforcement on a schedule, regardless of their behavior. the goal is to make a behavior unnecessary by providing reinforcement other times
