Exam 2

Question 1

What is the law of effect?

Answer 1

Behaviors that are followed by satisfying outcomes are more likely to be repeated while behaviors that are followed by an unsatisfying outcome or less likely to be repeated

Question 2

Positive reinforcement

Answer 2

Stimulus added to the environment

Question 3

Negative reinforcement

Answer 3

Stimulus subtracted from environment

Question 4

Avoidance

Answer 4

The behavior results in the prevention of the aversive stimulus

Question 5

Escape

Answer 5

The behavior results and the termination of the aversive stimulus

Question 6

Premack principle

Answer 6

The opportunity to engage in high probability behavior as consequence for a low probability behavior to increase the low probability behavior

Question 7

Contrived reinforcer

Answer 7

Reinforce her that have been deliberately arranged to modify a behavior

Question 8

Natural reinforcer

Answer 8

Reinforcers that are typically provided for a certain behavior

Question 9

Social

Answer 9

Reinforcement provided through the actions of another person

Question 10

Autonomic reinforcement

Answer 10

Reinforcement provided by direct contact with environment

Question 11

Fixed ratio

Answer 11

Reinforcement is contingent of a fixed predictable number of responses

Question 12

Variable ratio

Answer 12

Reinforcement is containment is varying unpredictable number of responses

Question 13

Fixed interval

Answer 13

Reinforcement is contingent upon the first response after a fixed predictable period of time

Question 14

Variable interval

Answer 14

Reinforcement is contingent upon the first response after varying unpredictable period of time

Question 15

Matching law

Answer 15

Rate of responding is generally proportional to the rate of reinforcement in each schedule

Question 16

Definition of stimulus control

Answer 16

The presence of an SD reliably affects the probability of a behavior

Question 17

SD

Answer 17

Stimulus is presence of which responses are in reinforced and in the absence they are not

Question 18

S Delta

Answer 18

Discriminative stimulus for extinction

Question 19

Discrimination training

Answer 19

Phone rings-> pick it up-> talk to someone
Phone doesn’t ring-> pick it up-> no one is There
Outcome : you are more likely to pick up the phone when it rings, but not when it isn’t

Question 20

Response maintenance

Answer 20

Ability to continue performing a learned behavior after an intervention has been removed or has faded

Question 21

Response generalization

Answer 21

Across behavior group of behaviors that will produce the same reinforcer

Question 22

Stimulus generalization

Answer 22

Tendency for a response to being admitted in the presence of a stimulus that is similar to an SD

Question 23

What are the three antecedent interventions?

Answer 23

Manipulate the SD, manipulate the MO, Increase or decrease response effort

Question 24

Manipulate SD

Answer 24

Arrange physical or social environment to present SD

Question 25

Manipulate MO

Answer 25

If you can increase the reinforcing value of the consequences of behavior, you make it more likely that the behavior will occur

Question 26

Increase response effort

Answer 26

Increase desirable behavior by making competing undesirable behavior, less likely

Question 27

Decrease response effort

Answer 27

Arrange antecedent conditions such that less effort is needed to engage and desirable behavior

Question 28

Temporal contiguity

Answer 28

The time between a behavior and a consequence; better learning happens the shorter the time frame

Question 29

Contingency

Answer 29

If/then relationship between behavior and consequence. If you do something then you get a certain outcome.

Question 30

High probability sequence

Answer 30

A request to comply with low probability task is proceeded with request to comply with high probability task. This involves presenting a series of simple request that a person is likely to complete before asking them to do something more difficult.

Question 31

Non- contingent reinforcement

Answer 31

A behavioral intervention that involves providing a student with reinforcement on a schedule, regardless of their behavior. the goal is to make a behavior unnecessary by providing reinforcement other times