EXAM 3 Flashcards
Inanimate items that may harbor microbes and aid in their transmission
Fomites
What is biological safety level one for laboratories
Microbes are not known to cause disease in healthy host and pose minimal risks to workers and the environment
What is Biological safety level 2
microbes are typically indigenous and are associated with diseases varying severity
they pose moderate risk to workers and the environment
What is Biological safety level 3
Microbes are indigenous or exotic and cause serious or potentially lethal diseased through respiratory transmission
What is Biological safety level 4
Microbes are dangerous and extoic posing a high risk of aerosol transmitted infections
which are frequently fatal w/o treatment or vaccines
uses antimicrobial chemicals safe enough for living tissues
antisepsis
complete removal or killing of all vegatative cells endospores and viruses
sterilizations
Clostridium botulinum are killed through ______ _____ protocals
commercial sterilization
the act of handwashing is an example of
degerming
wiping the skin with an alcohol wipe is another example of
degerming
the term _____ refers to the cleansing of fomites to remove enough microbes to achieve levels deemed safe for public health
sanitization
_____ is considered the most effective method of sterilization
autoclave
Those that inhibit microbial growth are indicated by the suffixes
stat or static
Autoclaves are _____ C or ins some cases _____ C
121
132
Autoclaves are typically at a pressure of ____ to ____ pounds per square inch (psi) for _____ min
15- 20 psi
20 min
_______ is used to kill pathogens and reduce the number of microbes that cause food spoilage
pasteurization
_____ slows microbial growth
Refrigeration
Laboratory and medical specimens may be frozen on dry ice or at ultra low temps ( ____ ) C for storage and transport
-70
including x rays and gamma radiation is an effective way to sterilize heat sensitive and packaged materials
ionizing radiation
like ultraviolet is unable to penetrate surfaces but is useful for surface disinfection
nonionizing radiation
_____ are stable long acting disinfectants that denature proteins and disrupt membranes
Phenolics (lysol)
____ are commonly used antiseptics that act by denaturing proteins and disrupting membranes
used at concentrations of 70%
Alcohols
_____ _____ is a gas sterilant that can penetrate heat sensitive packaged materials but it is also explosive and carcinogenic
Ethylene oxide
____ _____ are added to a variety of foods
chemical preservatives