Exam 3 Flashcards
Which could account for drug toxicity following a normally prescribed dose to the geriatric patient?
Decreased renal clearance, slow drug absorption, liver impairment
All of the following represent normal physiology of the newborn except:
Weight of 2.1 kg
Which test would be likely to show an increase in value in a geriatric patient?
ANAs
(T/F) It is easy to find healthy adults, over 65, with no preexisting conditions, to use to develop normal ranges.
False
Which of the following conditions are related to acidosis in the pediatric patient?
Anoxia and trauma during delivery
Which of the following biomarkers are found in high concentrations in neonates as compared to adults?
Ammonia
What are special considerations that need to be taken into account with regards to neonatal blood collections. (select all that apply)
Care should be taken to minimize evaporation of the sample from open tubes, Sample volume should be minimized to reduce blood loss
Which of the following choices is false concerning blood obtained by heel stick (capillary) and venipuncture (venous)?
The chemical composition of the sera derived from each is identical
(T/F) Specimens for porphyrin testing do not need to be protected from light.
False
Symptom type: Acute intermittent porphyria (AIP)
Neuropsychiatric
Symptom type: Erythropoietic protoporphyria (EPP)
Cutaneous
Symptom type: Variegate porphyria (VP)
Neurocutaneous
Symptom type: Congenital erythropoietic porphyria (CEP)
Cutaneous
Which statement about secondary porphyrinurias is not true.
Are an inherited condition associated with increased excretion of urinary porphyrins
How many pyrrole rings make up a porphyrin ring?
4
(T/F) The aqueous solubility of porphyrins varies with the number of carboxylic acid substitutes present in that particular porphyrin compound.
True
This is chelated to the porphyrin ring to form heme.
Iron
Which type of porphyria is not considered chronic?
Hereditary coproporphyria
Which of the following is a qualitative screening test for porphobilinogen that may be performed to aid in the diagnosis of the porphyrias?
Watson-Schwartz test
The most common abnormalities in the structure of hemoglobin is:
Amino acid substitutions
Put in the order of electrophoretic mobility (slowest to fastest) on cellulose acetate.
C, S, F, A
Which of the following hormones is responsible for the stimulation of ductal epithelial cell secretion of bicarbonate?
Secretin
If this area of the pancreas becomes affected by cancer there is high potential that it will go undetected and lead to greater morbidity and mortality in the patient.
Tail
Which of the following is not true regarding normal pancreatic fluid?
It contains a high concentration of hydrochloric acid
The hormone responsible for the release of bile into the intestine and the secretion of enzymes by the pancreas is:
Cholecystokinin
(T/F) The exocrine function of the pancreas includes the production of insulin and glucagon.
False
The recommended specimen requirement for steatorrhea is a:
72-hour stool collection
(T/F) In patients with exocrine pancreatic insufficiency, fecal fat is often decreased and fecal enzymes are increased.
False
(T/F) The Ampulla of Vater is where the pancreas and stomach join together
False
Hormone secretion of Epsilon cells?
Ghrelin
Hormone secretion of Gamma cells?
Pancreatic polypeptide hormones
(T/F) The Acinar cells produce hormones in the pancreas.
False
This test may be used because it is a non-invasive, indirect indicator of moderate and severe exocrine pancreatic dysfunction.
Fecal elastase-1
(T/F) There are no associated risks with using TPN for patients who need it.
False
Marasmus definition
A diet deficient in protein and calories
Kwashiorkor definition
A diet deficient in protein but adequate in calories
Water soluble vitamins
B6, C
(T/F) Since they are stored, water soluble vitamins have greater risk of toxicity.
False
This deficiency in this vitamin is associated with hair loss, anorexia, and depression. It is often found in hair products and supplements. Taking supplements that contain this may cause interference with certain test assays.
Vitamin B7 (biotin)
Select the two most common tests run to differentiate the reason behind a diagnosis of megaloblastic anemia.
Folate, B12
If you had the following lab results, what would condition would you expect to see:
Transferrin increased, Ferritin decreased, % saturation decreased, TIBC increased
Iron deficiency
This element is widely used in industrial and household ways, and interferes with enzyme activity. It is associated with encephalopathy, anemia, bone disease and progressive dementia. It is excreted mainly in the urine.
Aluminum
An employee at a local glass blowing and manufacturing facility is admitted to the Psychiatric Hospital due to severe anxiety and constant bouts of compulsive laughing and crying. Given these symptoms, what kind of heavy metal toxicity should be expected?
Manganese
Over the decades, this element has been considered a toxic element, a carcinogen, essential element, and an anti-carcinogen. It is also involved in the metabolism of thyroid hormones.
Selenium
This heavy metal has both an essential form and a toxic, nonessential form. When absorbed it will be bound by transferrin and transported by albumin.
Chromium
TIBC
The theoretical amount of iron that could be bound if transferrin in the plasma was saturated
Ferritin
The major iron storage protein for the body
Transferrin
The primary plasma iron transport protein
Serum iron
The Fe3+ bound to transferrin
Atomic Emission Spectroscopy
Quantification of an element by measuring the intensity of emitted radiation from an aerosolized sample
Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy
Correct match:
Determination of element quantity through the absorption of optical radiation by free atoms in the gas phase
Match the cell type with the hormone it secretes:
Alpha
Glucagon
Match the cell type with the hormone it secretes:
Beta
Insulin
Match the cell type with the hormone it secretes:
Delta
Somatostatin
Match the cell type with the hormone it secretes:
Gamma
Pancreatic polypeptide hormones
Match the cell type with the hormone it secretes:
Epsilon
Ghrelin
Porphyrias
A group of rare disorders that result from disturbances in heme synthesis
Hemoglobinopathies
Disorders that have qualitative defects in the hemoglobin molecule
Myoglobin
A simple heme protein found in cardiac and skeletal muscles
Thalassemias
Quantitative defects in the production of hemoglobin molecules
Heme
The prosthetic group of hemoglobin responsible for binding oxygen
Match the porphyria with its symptom type:
Acute intermittent porphyria (AIP)
Neuropsychiatric
Match the porphyria with its symptom type:
Erythropoietic protoporphyria (EPP)
Cutaneous
Match the porphyria with its symptom type:
Variegate porphyria (VP)
Neurocutaneous
Match the porphyria with its symptom type:
Congenital erythropoietic porphyria (CEP)
Cutaneous
Which of these statements are true:
Regular exercise can improve the quality of life among geriatric patients
Exercise can help prevent depression and other diseases
Proper nutrition is important along with exercise
All of these statements are true
All of these statements are true
