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Chem II > Exam 2 Jeopardy and Weekly Quiz > Flashcards

Exam 2 Jeopardy and Weekly Quiz Flashcards

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1
Q

This is the pathological state in which the heart fails to adequately supply the metabolic needs of the body, typically due to a decrease in pumping function.

A

Heart failure

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2
Q

Which test, if elevated, would provide information about risk for developing coronary artery disease?

A

hs-CRP

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3
Q

What set of tests is most useful in diagnosing an AMI?

A

CK-MB, Troponin, Myoglobin

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4
Q

Which of the three troponins do we not measure in the lab due to the lack of cardiac specificity?

A

Troponin C

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5
Q

This test can be used to help rule out pulmonary embolism.

A

D-Dimer

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6
Q

Which test has the widest window of detection for AMIs

A

Troponins

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7
Q

This test can be used to help differentiate between heart failure and lung disease

A

BNP, NT-proBNP

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8
Q

Name a test that can be used for cardiovascular risk stratification.

A

hs-CRP, homocysteine, troponin

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9
Q

Synthesis of Vitamin D begins in the:

A

Skin

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10
Q

Where is 1,25 dihydroxyvitamin D formed?

A

Kidney

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11
Q

Common bone disease seen in small statured women.

A

Osteoporosis

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12
Q

This hormone regulates blood calcium levels in circulation

A

PTH

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13
Q

What is the active form of Vitamin D called?

A

1,25(OH)2 Vit D

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14
Q

Low blood calcium is sensed by what in the parathyroid

A

CSR-Calcium sensing receptors

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15
Q

What effects does PTH have on kidneys?

A

Increase the reabsorption of renal tubular calcium, Increase phosphate excretion, Enhance 1 alpha-hydroxylation of 25-hydroxy vit D
(Does not increase water loss)

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16
Q

Rickets is a deficiency in Vit D in children. What is the corresponding disease in adults?

A

Osteomalacia

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17
Q

What are the functions of calcium?

A

Blood coagulation, Nerve cell transmission, intercellular adhesion, and muscle contraction

18
Q

A patient was admitted to the critical care unit of a hospital after their lab values came back as abnormal. PTH values were very low, calcium levels were very high, and Vit D 25(OH) levels were extremely high. It is to be noted that the patient has recently had a change in diet and lifestyle, and the patient claimed historically having a very bad diet. Their general practitioner noted that the patient has recently been taking a large amount of vitamin supplements. Based on this information, what is the most likely cause for the lab values?

A

Hypervitaminosis D

19
Q

What is the most common crystal found in kidney stones?

A

Calcium oxalate

20
Q

What is secreted by the posterior pituitary in response to increased blood osmolality?

A

AVP/ADH

21
Q

This protein is known to be nephrotoxic when released from the muscles.

A

Myoglobin

22
Q

What is the term for infection in the kidneys

A

Pyelonephritis

23
Q

What test can be used to detect acute kidney injury before creatinine?

A

Cystatin C

24
Q

A GFR of 15mL/min/m2 or less, creatinine clearance of <10mL/min, BUN of >50mg/dL, creatinine >3mg/dL, potassium >6.5 mEq/L and hemoglobin <10g/dL are all lab test values indicative of what disease state?

A

Kidney failure

25
Q

When the glomerulus has been damaged, ______ proteins can pass through the glomerular membrane to be excreted in urine when it couldn’t before the damage

A

Large (high molecular weight)

26
Q

The glomeruli and proximal and distal tubules are located in the renal _____.

A

Cortex

27
Q

What is the order of structure of a nephron from the blood to the collecting duct?

A

Glomerulus, proximal tubule, loop of Henle, distal tubule

28
Q

How many lobes are there in the liver?

A

2

29
Q

Cells in the liver responsible for all the major functions.

A

Hepatocytes

30
Q

What protein binds bilirubin?

A

Albumin

31
Q

What percentage of people infected with HBV recover within 6 months?

A

90%

32
Q

What are the two major sources of blood supply to the liver?

A

Hepatic artery and Portal vein

33
Q

If a patient has a total bilirubin of 5.9 and a direct bilirubin of 1.6, what is the indirect bilirubin?

A

4.3

34
Q

This aminotransferase is more liver specific?

A

ALT

35
Q

Performing this test can help distinguish between hepatobiliary disease and osteogenic bone disease

A

ALP

36
Q

What is the most common cause of liver failure in the US?

A

Alcoholism

37
Q

If the results for serological markers include:

HBsAg +

Anti-HBs =

Anti-HBc (total) +

HBeAg +

Anti-HBe =

What would that indicate?

A

Chronic Hep B, active replication

38
Q

This type of jaundice is associated with excessive destruction of RBCs without elevation of ALT levels

A

Pre hepatic

39
Q

This is a liver disease characterized by a defective conjugation system and it affects 5% of the population of the US

A

Gilbert’s Syndrome

40
Q

What is the target organ for an infant with kernicterus?

A

Brain

Chem II (12 decks)

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