Exam 2 Jeopardy and Weekly Quiz Flashcards
This is the pathological state in which the heart fails to adequately supply the metabolic needs of the body, typically due to a decrease in pumping function.
Heart failure
Which test, if elevated, would provide information about risk for developing coronary artery disease?
hs-CRP
What set of tests is most useful in diagnosing an AMI?
CK-MB, Troponin, Myoglobin
Which of the three troponins do we not measure in the lab due to the lack of cardiac specificity?
Troponin C
This test can be used to help rule out pulmonary embolism.
D-Dimer
Which test has the widest window of detection for AMIs
Troponins
This test can be used to help differentiate between heart failure and lung disease
BNP, NT-proBNP
Name a test that can be used for cardiovascular risk stratification.
hs-CRP, homocysteine, troponin
Synthesis of Vitamin D begins in the:
Skin
Where is 1,25 dihydroxyvitamin D formed?
Kidney
Common bone disease seen in small statured women.
Osteoporosis
This hormone regulates blood calcium levels in circulation
PTH
What is the active form of Vitamin D called?
1,25(OH)2 Vit D
Low blood calcium is sensed by what in the parathyroid
CSR-Calcium sensing receptors
What effects does PTH have on kidneys?
Increase the reabsorption of renal tubular calcium, Increase phosphate excretion, Enhance 1 alpha-hydroxylation of 25-hydroxy vit D
(Does not increase water loss)
Rickets is a deficiency in Vit D in children. What is the corresponding disease in adults?
Osteomalacia
What are the functions of calcium?
Blood coagulation, Nerve cell transmission, intercellular adhesion, and muscle contraction
A patient was admitted to the critical care unit of a hospital after their lab values came back as abnormal. PTH values were very low, calcium levels were very high, and Vit D 25(OH) levels were extremely high. It is to be noted that the patient has recently had a change in diet and lifestyle, and the patient claimed historically having a very bad diet. Their general practitioner noted that the patient has recently been taking a large amount of vitamin supplements. Based on this information, what is the most likely cause for the lab values?
Hypervitaminosis D
What is the most common crystal found in kidney stones?
Calcium oxalate
What is secreted by the posterior pituitary in response to increased blood osmolality?
AVP/ADH
This protein is known to be nephrotoxic when released from the muscles.
Myoglobin
What is the term for infection in the kidneys
Pyelonephritis
What test can be used to detect acute kidney injury before creatinine?
Cystatin C
A GFR of 15mL/min/m2 or less, creatinine clearance of <10mL/min, BUN of >50mg/dL, creatinine >3mg/dL, potassium >6.5 mEq/L and hemoglobin <10g/dL are all lab test values indicative of what disease state?
Kidney failure
When the glomerulus has been damaged, ______ proteins can pass through the glomerular membrane to be excreted in urine when it couldn’t before the damage
Large (high molecular weight)
The glomeruli and proximal and distal tubules are located in the renal _____.
Cortex
What is the order of structure of a nephron from the blood to the collecting duct?
Glomerulus, proximal tubule, loop of Henle, distal tubule
How many lobes are there in the liver?
2
Cells in the liver responsible for all the major functions.
Hepatocytes
What protein binds bilirubin?
Albumin
What percentage of people infected with HBV recover within 6 months?
90%
What are the two major sources of blood supply to the liver?
Hepatic artery and Portal vein
If a patient has a total bilirubin of 5.9 and a direct bilirubin of 1.6, what is the indirect bilirubin?
4.3
This aminotransferase is more liver specific?
ALT
Performing this test can help distinguish between hepatobiliary disease and osteogenic bone disease
ALP
What is the most common cause of liver failure in the US?
Alcoholism
If the results for serological markers include:
HBsAg +
Anti-HBs =
Anti-HBc (total) +
HBeAg +
Anti-HBe =
What would that indicate?
Chronic Hep B, active replication
This type of jaundice is associated with excessive destruction of RBCs without elevation of ALT levels
Pre hepatic
This is a liver disease characterized by a defective conjugation system and it affects 5% of the population of the US
Gilbert’s Syndrome
What is the target organ for an infant with kernicterus?
Brain
