Exam 1 Review Questions Flashcards
Which hormone is not of clinical significance in the patient presenting with panhypopituitarism?
ACTH
hCG
TSH
GH
hCG
What is the difference between a tropic hormone and a direct effector hormone?
Tropic hormones act on endocrine glands, while direct effector hormones act on peripheral tissue.
A patient has signs and symptoms suggestive of acromegaly. The diagnosis would be confirmed if the patient had which of the following?
No decrease in serum growth hormone concentration 90 minutes after oral glucose administration
All of the following are examples of negative feedback except:
Thermostat control
Thyroid regulation
Oxytocin’s effect on uterine contractions
Adrenal hormones
Oxytocin’s effect on uterine contractions
What portion of the adrenals produces glucocorticoids?
Zona fasiculata
A 37 year old patient presents with low ACTH and low cortisol. What hormone replacement therapy is indicated?
Glucocorticoids
Which of the following tissues doesn’t not secrete steroid hormones?
Pituitary gland
If a patient had a luteal phase defect, which hormone would most likely be deficient?
Progesterone
A patient has the following thyroid profile: decreased total T4, decreased Free T4, positive thyroid peroxidase antibody, increased TSH. What is the most like scenario?
Hashimotos’s thyroiditis
The primary serum test to screen for thyroid disease is:
TSH
What is the major carrier protein of the thyroid hormones in the blood?
Thyroxine binding globulin
A pregnant patient presents to her OB/GYN in the first trimester of pregnancy with abnormal ultrasound readings, normal hCG, and AFP values of 8 MoM (normal is <2 MoM). Based on this evidence, what is most likely manifesting in the fetus?
Neural tube defects
Which of the following is not quantified in the triple test for Down Syndrome?
Alpha-1 fetoprotein
Unconjugated estriol
Progesterone
hCG
Progesterone
A laboratory measures maternal serum AFP (MS-AFP) at 16-18 weeks gestation as a screen for fetal disorders. The 16 week MS-AFP median is 32 mg/L and a 37 year old woman has a MS-AFP level of 34 mg/L. This result is consistent with:
A normal MS-AFP level for 16 week gestation
(MoM of patient)/(MoM median) = 0.5 - 2.00
The first test performed to assess thyroid function.
TSH
A common way to see the cellular structure of a thyroid nodule is with:
Fine needle aspirate
If the TSH is decreased and T4/FT4 is increased it would indicate what?
Hyperthyroidism
Positive thyroid peroxidase antibody and increased TSH could indicate what disease state?
Hashimoto’s thyroiditis
This is the major carrier of thyroid hormones.
Thyroxine binding globulin (TBG)
(T/F) Calcium needs of the mother decrease during pregnancy.
False
In a pregnancy with Down’s syndrome, the hCG levels are how much higher typically?
2x higher
False negatives can be seen in immunoassays methodologies due to what?
Hook effect
What hormone can be decreased during pregnancy due to structural similarities to hCG?
TSH
Pregnancy causes changes in respiration with a ___ in pO2 and ____ in pCO2.
pO2 increase, pCO2 decrease
What three glands secrete testosterone?
Testes, ovaries, and adrenal glands
What hormone stimulates production of testosterone?
Luteinizing hormone (LH)
What hormone is secreted by the placenta to maintain the uterus?
Progesterone
What disorder is often associated with infertility and hirsutism?
PCOS
Genetic defect in females that has a partial or complete loss of one of the X chromosomes.
Turner syndrome
Where is the adrenal gland located?
Top of kidneys
What area of the adrenal cortex is responsible for androgens?
Zona reticularis
What is the neurotransmitter in the brain affecting the vascular system?
Dopamine
What are metabolized into a final end product of vanillylmandelic acid?
Norepinephrine and Epinephrine
What is the originating tissue of cortisol?
Adrenal cortex
(T/F) Trauma can cause hypopituitarism
True
What tissue does TRH act on?
Pituitary
What test is preferred for assessing growth hormone?
IGF-1
What is the originating tissue of ACTH?
Anterior pituitary gland
Complete loss of function of hypopituitarism is called:
Panhypopituitarism
