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Chem II > Exam 1 > Flashcards

Exam 1 Flashcards

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1
Q

A patient has the following thyroid profile: decreased total T4, decreased Free T4, positive thyroid peroxidase antibody, increased TSH. What is the most like scenario?

A

Hashimotos’s thyroiditis

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2
Q

The primary serum test to screen for thyroid disease is:

A

TSH

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3
Q

What is the major carrier protein of the thyroid hormones in the blood?

A

Thyroxine binding globulin

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4
Q

Likely diagnosis: TSH increased, T4 decreased

A

Hypothyroidism

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5
Q

Likely diagnosis: TSH decreased, T4 normal

A

Subclinical hypothyroidism

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6
Q

Likely diagnosis: TSH decreased, T4 increased

A

Hyperthyroidism

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7
Q

Likely diagnosis: TSH increased, T4 normal

A

Subclinical hypothyroidism

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8
Q

Once synthesized, the thyroid hormones are stored in what area of the thyroid gland?

A

Lumina of the follicle

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9
Q

How is the majority of reverse T3 (rT3) made?

A

Monodeiondination of T4 in peripheral tissues

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10
Q

(T/F) The parafollicular cells of the thyroid gland secrete calcitonin

A

True

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11
Q

(T/F) T3 and T4 are more physiologically active than FT3 and FT4.

A

False

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12
Q

The most common cause of hyperthyroidism is:

A

Grave’s disease

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13
Q

(T/F) An effective way to see if the thyroid gland is metabolically active is with a nuclear medicine evaluation.

A

True

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14
Q

(T/F) The most common critical problem encountered with pre-term delivery is Respiratory Distress Syndrome

A

True

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15
Q

Acetylcholinesterase is not diagnostic for:

A

Trisomy 21

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16
Q

Which test is a valuable first trimester screening test?

A

Pregnancy associated plasma protein A

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17
Q

What is produced by the embryonic yolk sac and also the fetal liver?

A

Alpha fetoprotein

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18
Q

HCG is structurally similar to which hormone?

A

TSH

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19
Q

Which of the following increases during pregnancy:

A

Plasma volume

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20
Q

A cluster of cells once implantation occurs is called an:

A

Embryo

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21
Q

During pregnancy, in the second trimester, hCG levels ______.

A

Decrease

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22
Q

A laboratory measures maternal serum AFP (MS-AFP) at 16-18 weeks gestation as a screen for fetal disorders. The 16 week MS-AFP median is 32 mg/L and a 37 year old woman has a MS-AFP level of 34 mg/L. This result is consistent with:

A

A normal MS-AFP level for 16 week gestation

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23
Q

Which of the following is not quantified in the triple test for Down Syndrome?

A

Progesterone

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24
Q

A pregnant patient presents to her OB/GYN in the first trimester of pregnancy with abnormal ultrasound readings, normal hCG, and AFP values of 8 MoM (normal is <2 MoM). Based on this evidence, what is most likely manifesting in the fetus?

A

Neural tube defects

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25
Q

(T/F) The major growth factor induced by Growth Hormone is IGF-2

A

False

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26
Q

What common substrate is used in the biosynthesis of adrenal steroids, including androgens and estrogens?

A

Cholesterol

27
Q

What hormone acts as an inhibiting hormone to Growth Hormone?

A

Somatostatin

28
Q

Which of the following hormones can stimulate the production and release of TSH?

A

Thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH)

29
Q

Tissue of origin: ACTH

A

Anterior pituitary

30
Q

Tissue of origin: Aldosterone

A

Adrenal cortex

31
Q

Tissue of origin: Epinephrine

A

Adrenal medulla

32
Q

Tissue of origin: FSH

A

Anterior pituitary

33
Q

Tissue of origin: Cortisol

A

Adrenal cortex

34
Q

Tissue of origin: Arginine vasopressin

A

Posterior pituitary

35
Q

Tissue of origin: Growth hormone

A

Anterior pituitary

36
Q

Tissue of origin: GnRH

A

Hypothalamus

37
Q

Tissue of origin: Dopamine

A

Adrenal medulla

38
Q

Tissue of origin: T3

A

Thyroid gland

39
Q

Which of the following hormones inhibits GH and TSH?

A

Somatostatin

40
Q

TRH acts on what tissue?

A

Pituitary

41
Q

TSH acts on what tissue?

A

Thyroid

42
Q

ACTH acts on what tissue?

A

Adrenal glands

43
Q

LH acts on what tissue?

A

Gonads

44
Q

What is the only neuroendocrine signal that inhibits prolactin?

A

Dopamine

45
Q

________failure of an endocrine gland is accompanied by dramatic increases in circulating levels of the corresponding pituitary tropic hormone.

A

Primary

46
Q

What can be a cause of hypopituitarism?

A

Trauma, infection, idiopathic, surgery

47
Q

The major action of ________ is to regulate free water excretion.

A

Arginine vasopressin

48
Q

Zona glomerulosa major hormone

A

Aldosterone

49
Q

Zona reticularis major hormone

A

Androgens

50
Q

Zona fasciculata major hormone

A

Cortisol

51
Q

A person who has features that includes: narrow shoulders, poor muscle development, longer legs, and an extra X chromosome would be diagnosed with:

A

Klinefelter Syndrome

52
Q

_________ has a surge during the luteal phase of a menstrual cycle.

A

Progesterone

53
Q

Which of the following tissues doesn’t not secrete steroid hormones?

A

Pituitary gland

54
Q

Epinephrine function

A

Converts glycogen to glucose

55
Q

Norepinephrine

A

Affects vascular smooth muscle and heart

56
Q

Dopamine

A

Neurotransmitter in the brain affecting the vascular system

57
Q

A physician of reproductive endocrinology and infertility would like to determine when a patient ovulates. The physician orders serial assays of plasma progesterone. From these assays, how can the physician recognize when ovulation occurs?

A

After ovulation, progesterone rapidly increases

58
Q

An 83 year old male subject with low testosterone will see an increase in which anterior pituitary hormone?

A

LH

59
Q

Plasma for cortisol determinations were collected at 7am, after waking the patient, and at 10pm that evening. The cortisol level for both morning and evening samples were well below the reference range for the specified times. This is consistent with:

A

Addison’s disease

60
Q

Homovanillic acid is the metabolite of_______.

A

Dopamine

61
Q

The major action of angiotensin II is:

A

Increased adrenal secretion of aldosterone

62
Q

A person with symptoms that include: easy bruising, hypertension, increased cortisol, decreased ACTH, and weight gain in the face and abdomen, are likely to be diagnosed with:

A

Cushing’s syndrome

63
Q

A 37 year old patient presents with low ACTH and low cortisol. What hormone replacement therapy is indicated?

A

Glucocorticoids

64
Q

Rare catecholamine secreting benign tumor arising from chromaffin cells in the adrenal medulla, causes increased levels of epinephrine and norepinephrine.

A

Pheochromocytoma

Chem II (12 decks)

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