Exam 1 Flashcards
A patient has the following thyroid profile: decreased total T4, decreased Free T4, positive thyroid peroxidase antibody, increased TSH. What is the most like scenario?
Hashimotos’s thyroiditis
The primary serum test to screen for thyroid disease is:
TSH
What is the major carrier protein of the thyroid hormones in the blood?
Thyroxine binding globulin
Likely diagnosis: TSH increased, T4 decreased
Hypothyroidism
Likely diagnosis: TSH decreased, T4 normal
Subclinical hypothyroidism
Likely diagnosis: TSH decreased, T4 increased
Hyperthyroidism
Likely diagnosis: TSH increased, T4 normal
Subclinical hypothyroidism
Once synthesized, the thyroid hormones are stored in what area of the thyroid gland?
Lumina of the follicle
How is the majority of reverse T3 (rT3) made?
Monodeiondination of T4 in peripheral tissues
(T/F) The parafollicular cells of the thyroid gland secrete calcitonin
True
(T/F) T3 and T4 are more physiologically active than FT3 and FT4.
False
The most common cause of hyperthyroidism is:
Grave’s disease
(T/F) An effective way to see if the thyroid gland is metabolically active is with a nuclear medicine evaluation.
True
(T/F) The most common critical problem encountered with pre-term delivery is Respiratory Distress Syndrome
True
Acetylcholinesterase is not diagnostic for:
Trisomy 21
Which test is a valuable first trimester screening test?
Pregnancy associated plasma protein A
What is produced by the embryonic yolk sac and also the fetal liver?
Alpha fetoprotein
HCG is structurally similar to which hormone?
TSH
Which of the following increases during pregnancy:
Plasma volume
A cluster of cells once implantation occurs is called an:
Embryo
During pregnancy, in the second trimester, hCG levels ______.
Decrease
A laboratory measures maternal serum AFP (MS-AFP) at 16-18 weeks gestation as a screen for fetal disorders. The 16 week MS-AFP median is 32 mg/L and a 37 year old woman has a MS-AFP level of 34 mg/L. This result is consistent with:
A normal MS-AFP level for 16 week gestation
Which of the following is not quantified in the triple test for Down Syndrome?
Progesterone
A pregnant patient presents to her OB/GYN in the first trimester of pregnancy with abnormal ultrasound readings, normal hCG, and AFP values of 8 MoM (normal is <2 MoM). Based on this evidence, what is most likely manifesting in the fetus?
Neural tube defects
(T/F) The major growth factor induced by Growth Hormone is IGF-2
False
What common substrate is used in the biosynthesis of adrenal steroids, including androgens and estrogens?
Cholesterol
What hormone acts as an inhibiting hormone to Growth Hormone?
Somatostatin
Which of the following hormones can stimulate the production and release of TSH?
Thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH)
Tissue of origin: ACTH
Anterior pituitary
Tissue of origin: Aldosterone
Adrenal cortex
Tissue of origin: Epinephrine
Adrenal medulla
Tissue of origin: FSH
Anterior pituitary
Tissue of origin: Cortisol
Adrenal cortex
Tissue of origin: Arginine vasopressin
Posterior pituitary
Tissue of origin: Growth hormone
Anterior pituitary
Tissue of origin: GnRH
Hypothalamus
Tissue of origin: Dopamine
Adrenal medulla
Tissue of origin: T3
Thyroid gland
Which of the following hormones inhibits GH and TSH?
Somatostatin
TRH acts on what tissue?
Pituitary
TSH acts on what tissue?
Thyroid
ACTH acts on what tissue?
Adrenal glands
LH acts on what tissue?
Gonads
What is the only neuroendocrine signal that inhibits prolactin?
Dopamine
________failure of an endocrine gland is accompanied by dramatic increases in circulating levels of the corresponding pituitary tropic hormone.
Primary
What can be a cause of hypopituitarism?
Trauma, infection, idiopathic, surgery
The major action of ________ is to regulate free water excretion.
Arginine vasopressin
Zona glomerulosa major hormone
Aldosterone
Zona reticularis major hormone
Androgens
Zona fasciculata major hormone
Cortisol
A person who has features that includes: narrow shoulders, poor muscle development, longer legs, and an extra X chromosome would be diagnosed with:
Klinefelter Syndrome
_________ has a surge during the luteal phase of a menstrual cycle.
Progesterone
Which of the following tissues doesn’t not secrete steroid hormones?
Pituitary gland
Epinephrine function
Converts glycogen to glucose
Norepinephrine
Affects vascular smooth muscle and heart
Dopamine
Neurotransmitter in the brain affecting the vascular system
A physician of reproductive endocrinology and infertility would like to determine when a patient ovulates. The physician orders serial assays of plasma progesterone. From these assays, how can the physician recognize when ovulation occurs?
After ovulation, progesterone rapidly increases
An 83 year old male subject with low testosterone will see an increase in which anterior pituitary hormone?
LH
Plasma for cortisol determinations were collected at 7am, after waking the patient, and at 10pm that evening. The cortisol level for both morning and evening samples were well below the reference range for the specified times. This is consistent with:
Addison’s disease
Homovanillic acid is the metabolite of_______.
Dopamine
The major action of angiotensin II is:
Increased adrenal secretion of aldosterone
A person with symptoms that include: easy bruising, hypertension, increased cortisol, decreased ACTH, and weight gain in the face and abdomen, are likely to be diagnosed with:
Cushing’s syndrome
A 37 year old patient presents with low ACTH and low cortisol. What hormone replacement therapy is indicated?
Glucocorticoids
Rare catecholamine secreting benign tumor arising from chromaffin cells in the adrenal medulla, causes increased levels of epinephrine and norepinephrine.
Pheochromocytoma
