exam 3 Flashcards
A drug’s most direct and effective method of delivery to its site of action is:
Oral administration
Intramuscular injection
Intravenous administration
Aerosol ingestion
Intravenous administration
Which of the following is not true regarding the absorption of drugs?
Drug absorption rates may change with age
Morphine may slow the gastrointestinal motility of a drug
Liquid medications are often absorbed slower than capsule medications
Crohn’s disease may alter the absorption of some drugs
Liquid medications are often absorbed slower than capsule medications
Drugs are susceptible to hepatic metabolism, and this increases the concentration of the drug before it reaches the circulatory system.
True
False
False
Which of the following statements is true regarding drug elimination?
One drug half-life is the time needed for the drug concentration to increase by half
Five to seven drug doses are required to reach a steady state of drug concentration
Most medications are administered as a single dose versus a scheduled basis
Aminoglycoside antibiotics are reabsorbed by the renal tubules
Five to seven drug doses are required to reach a steady state of drug concentration
The relationship between a drug’s concentration at its target sites and its physiological responses is known as:
Pharmacokinetics
Pharmacogenomics
Pharmacotherapy
Pharmacodynamics
Pharmacodynamics
Which of the following is not true concerning therapeutic drug monitoring?
It ensures correct drug doses for the expected therapeutic range
It helps to identify non-compliance of the patient
It identifies drug-drug interactions if multiple drugs are taken simultaneously
It establishes a one-fit dosing model for all patients
It establishes a one-fit dosing model for all patients
A blood draw to determine a peak level of a drug should be drawn:
One hour after an orally administered dose
Immediately after drug administration
90 minutes after an orally administered dose
Immediately before drug administration
One hour after an orally administered dose
CYP450 is a gene that influences the effectiveness of a drug in an individual.
True
False
True
Which of the following is not true concerning aminoglycosides?
They are a class of drugs that is administered in the inpatient setting
Toxic levels can cause hearing impairment
They are used to treat gram positive and gram negative infections
Ototoxic effects of the drug are reversible
Ototoxic effects of the drug are reversible
Pharmacokinetics and drug concentration are influenced by which of the following factors?
Absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion
Absorption, bioavailability, excretion, metabolism
Biotransformation, distribution, excretion, metabolism
Adaption, distribution, excretion, metabolism
Absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion
Only bound fractions of drugs can interact with the site of action and result in a biological response.
True
False
False
Tolerance to drugs could be explained as:
Constant exposure of receptors to drugs that leads to a reduced response
Constant exposure of receptors to drugs that leads to an increased response
50% of the maximum effect of a drug on the body
Constant exposure of receptors to drugs that leads to a reduced response
This drug is used to treat arrhythmias and CHF.
Quinidine
Digoxin
Disopyramide
Dilantin
Digoxin
This drug may have the adverse effect of “redman syndrome”
Vancomycin
Tobramycin
Amikacin
Gentamicin
Vancomycin
This antiepileptic drug requires hepatic markers to be check frequently due to risk of hepatic dysfunction.
Carbamazepine
Phenobarbital
Phenytoin
Valproic acid
Valproic acid
Immunosuppressive drugs typically are collected as serum samples.
True
False
False
Common routes of exposure to toxins are through the gastrointestinal tract, lungs, and skin.
True
False
True
Which specimen type is preferred for analytes demonstrating variation in urinary elimination patterns?
Random specimen
24-hour collection
Midstream “clean catch” specimen
First morning specimen
24-hour collection
Which of the following is not true concerning analysis of toxic agents?
Screening tests have good specificity but lack sensitivity
Confirmatory tests report the concentration of the analyte
Screening tests are a rapid test intended to detect the presence of a substance
The reference method for most compounds is gas chromatography with a mass spectrometer (GC-MS)
Screening tests have good specificity but lack sensitivity
All of the following statements are true regarding blood alcohol measurements except:
During venipuncture, the skin must be disinfected with iodine or chlorohexidine gluconate
Plasma and serum are acceptable specimen types for analysis
When testing will be delayed, sodium chloride can be used as a preservative to maintain specimen integrity
Specimens should remain capped to avoid evaporation
When testing will be delayed, sodium chloride can be used as a preservative to maintain specimen integrity