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chem final exam > exam 1 > Flashcards

exam 1 Flashcards

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1
Q

Match the type of CK isoenzyme with its specificity.

Cardiac CK-BB
Muscle CK-MB
Brain CK-MM

A

Cardiac CK-MB
Muscle CK-MM
Brain CK-BB

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2
Q

Amylase is more specific to pancreatitis than lipase.

True
False

A

False

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3
Q

This test has greater specificity to liver damage.

AST
ALP
Acid phosphatase
ALT

A

ALT

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4
Q

In many reactions, we are looking at the reaction of the cofactor NADH to NAD to determine the value of the enzyme.

True
False

A

True

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5
Q

This enzyme has a short half-life and is found in the heart, liver, skeletal muscle, and kidney.

ALT
AST
GGT
CK

A

AST

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6
Q

The hook effect refers to high concentrations of analyte producing a lower signal than expected.

True
False

A

True

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7
Q

Match the type of inhibitor with the description.

These associate with enzymes at places other than the active site.
These share structural features found in the substrate.
These bind only to the ES complex.

Non-competitive
Competitive
Uncompetitive

A

These associate with enzymes at places other than the active site.
Non-competitive

These share structural features found in the substrate.
Competitive

These bind only to the ES complex.
Uncompetitive

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8
Q

In this state, not all enzyme sites are saturated with substrate and substrate concentration is the rate-limiting step.

First-order kinetics
Zero-order kinetics
Post-zone phenomenon
Last-order kinetics

A

First-order kinetics

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9
Q

What is a zymogen?

The protein portion of an enzyme
An inactive, secreted form of the enzyme
A cavity other than the active site
The complete, active enzyme complex

A

An inactive, secreted form of the enzyme

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10
Q

The following statement could be used to describe zero-order kinetics:

Substrate is present in excess, rate of reaction is constant with time and dependent only on the concentration of enzyme in the system.

True
False

A

True

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11
Q

When measuring enzyme activity, if the instrument is operating at 50 C lower than the temperature prescribed for the method, how would the results be affected?

Lower than expected
Higher than expected
Varied, showing no pattern in results
all would be clinically abnormal

A

Lower than expected

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12
Q

What does an increase in serum enzyme levels indicate?

Decreased enzyme catabolism
Accelerated enzyme production
Tissue damage and necrosis
Increased glomerular filtration rate

A

Tissue damage and necrosis

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13
Q

Pathological condition in which the proximal tubules in the kidneys do not reabsorb glucose, amino acids, uric acids, and bicarbonates resulting in their loss to the urine concentrate.

Lesch-Nyhan Syndrome
Gout
Congestive heart failure
Fanconi Syndrome

A

Fanconi Syndrome

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14
Q

This test can be used to monitor alcoholics with liver toxicity

AST
ALT
GGT
ALP

A

GGT

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15
Q

Which of the following serves as the glomerular filtration rate for clinicians?

Urea
Creatinine
Uric acid
Ammonia

A

Creatinine

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16
Q

Plasma creatinine levels are determined by all of the following except:

Relative muscle mass
Rate of creatine turnover
Renal function
Dietary intake of protein

A

Dietary intake of protein

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17
Q

A 56 year old male with gout is given allopurinol then returns to the ER a week later with a uric acid level of 8.6 mg/dL (2.4-7.0 mg/dL). What statement best describes the reason for the uric acid level?

The patient overdosed on allopurinol
Allopurinol returned uric acid levels to normal
The patient did not take prescribed medication

A

The patient did not take prescribed medication

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18
Q

What is an energy source utilized by muscles?

Creatinine
Creatine phosphate
Myoglobin
Nitrogen

A

Creatine phosphate

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19
Q

This non-protein nitrogen compound is found in the highest concentration in the blood.

Ammonia
Uric acid
Creatinine
Urea nitrogen

A

Urea nitrogen

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20
Q

Which is not a clinical application of measurement of urea.

Assess hydration status
Evaluate liver function
Verify adequacy of dialysis
determine nitrogen balance

A

Evaluate liver function

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21
Q

Match the BUN:Creatinine ratio with the correct location of azotemia.

23 Intrarenal
11 Prerenal
8 Postrenal

A

23 Prerenal
11 Postrenal
8 Intrarenal

22
Q

Which is not a likely cause of decreased BUN.

High protein dietary intake
Liver disease
Severe vomiting
Increased protein synthesis

A

High protein dietary intake

23
Q

The most frequently used analytic method for creatinine testing is the:

Enzymatic method
Kinetic Jaffe reaction
Jaffe reaction
Hexokinase

A

Jaffe reaction

24
Q

Which test has the most strict collection requirements that include transporting the specimen on ice and testing immediately.

Ammonia
BUN
Uric acid
Creatinine Clearance

A

Ammonia

25
Q

This disease is commonly seen in children who have been given aspirin during a viral infection.

Fanconi’s syndrome
Lesch-Nyhan syndrome
Reye’s syndrome
Gout

A

Reye’s syndrome

26
Q

Given the following information, calculate the creatinine clearance:
Urine creatinine: 120 mg/dL
Plasma creatinine: 1.5 mg/dL
Urine volume for 12hours: 600 mL
Patient BSA: 2.13

27.2
53.8
58.3
81.7

A

53.8

27
Q

Calculate the A/G ratio with a total protein of 7.7 g/dL and an albumin of 4.7 g/dL.

1.4
1.1
1.6
1.8

A

1.6

28
Q

Match the description with the disease state.

Severe protein deficiency Marasmus
Severe protein and calorie deficiency Kwashiokor

A

Severe protein deficiency Kwashiokor
Severe protein and calorie deficiency Marasmus

29
Q

Which is a negative acute phase reactant?

Alpha-1 antitrypsin
Transferrin
Alpha-2 macroglobulin
Haptoglobin

A

Transferrin

30
Q

This protein is known for being a nephrotoxin.

Myoglobin
Transferrin
Haptoglobin
C- reactive protein

A

Myoglobin

31
Q

This test may be used to assess nutritional status.

CRP
Alpha-1 antitrypsin
Haptoglobin
Prealbumin

A

Prealbumin

32
Q

Proteins with 10-40% carbohydrates attached are

Glycoproteins
Lipoproteins
Mucoproteins
Enzymes

A

Glycoproteins

33
Q

Proteins consist of the elements:

Carbon
Oxygen
Nitrogen
All of these
None of these

A

All of these

34
Q

In the stomach ______ breaks down proteins into peptides.

Papain
Pepsin
Sodium chloride
Pepsid

A

Pepsin

35
Q

When a protein is disturbed and loses its functional and chemical characteristics, it is called:

Multimer
Depeptidation
Denaturation
Amphoteric

A

Denaturation

36
Q

The most common secondary structure of a protein is:

Gamma helix
Alpha helix
Beta pleated sheet
Alpha pleated sheet

A

Alpha helix

37
Q

Essential amino acids:

Must be obtained through diet
are synthesized by the body

A

Must be obtained through diet

38
Q

In cerebral spinal fluid, ______% of protein comes from plasma, while ______% comes from the brain.

80%, 20%
90%, 10%
5%, 95%
95%, 5%

A

95%, 5%

39
Q

Which protein has a function to maintain oncotic pressure?

Albumin
Prealbumin
Alpha-1 antitrypsin
Alpha-2 macroglobulin

A

Albumin

40
Q

When proteins have a more positive charge they are more easily dissolved.

True
False

A

True

41
Q

Which is not true of amino acid analysis?

Collect sample in a heparin tube
Blood samples should be drawn after a 2-3 hour fast
Analysis should be performed immediately or sample frozen
Plasma should be removed carefully to avoid platelets and white blood cells

A

Blood samples should be drawn after a 2-3 hour fast

42
Q

This type of analytical method measures the amount of light that can pass through a sample at a 180 degree angle from the incident light.

Fluorometry
Chemiluminescence
Turbidimetry
Nephelometry

A

Turbidimetry

43
Q

Stray light refers to any wavelengths outside the band transmitted by the monochromator.

True
False

A

True

44
Q

Dynodes are a series of anodes with successively higher voltages.

True
False

A

True

45
Q

An advantage of a photocell over a phototube is that a photocell has an external power source and is more sensitive with lower amounts of light.

True
False

A

False

46
Q

Calculate % transmittance through a tube containing 5 layers of solution with an absorbance of 20%.

33 %
4%
51%
0.3%

A

33 %

47
Q

Beer’s Law is:

The concentration of a substance is directly proportional to the amount of light transmitted or inversely proportional to the logarithm of the absorbed light,

The concentration of a substance is directly proportional to the amount of light absorbed or inversely proportional to the logarithm of the transmitted light,

The concentration of a substance is directly proportional to both the amount of light transmitted to the logarithm of the absorbed light,

A

The concentration of a substance is directly proportional to the amount of light absorbed or inversely proportional to the logarithm of the transmitted light,

48
Q

Place in the correct order. Light gets converted to:

volts
amps
absorbance
electrons

A

electrons
amps
volts
absorbance

49
Q

This type of lamp is used in visible and infrared regions and is the most common type:

Mercury vapor
Hydrogen
Deuterium
Tungsten

A

Tungsten

50
Q

Visible light falls between the color ______ at 400 nm and _____ at 700 nm.

red, violet
green, red
violet, red
violet, orange

A

violet, red

51
Q

Which is the order that you would expect to see in LD isoenzymes in a patient who has had a heart attack.

LD1>LD2>LD3>LD4>LD5
LD2>LD1>LD3>LD4>LD5
LD5>LD4>LD3>LD2>LD1
LD1>LD3>LD2>LD4>LD5

A

LD1>LD2>LD3>LD4>LD5

chem final exam (12 decks)

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