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Bacteriology > Exam 3 > Flashcards

Exam 3 Flashcards

1
Q

Are staph motile? what color is there colony morphology and what hemolysis result do they show on BA

A

non motile, white/ creamy, variable beta hemolysis

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2
Q

What staph organisms are resistant to novobiocin, which ones are susceptible

A

R- saphrophyticus

S-epidermidis, hominis, lugdunensis

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3
Q

What does it mean to be a persistent carrier? intermittent? non-carrier?

A

a single strain of staph over a long time
multiple strains over a long time
no strains

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4
Q

What environments (in society) are staph often found in

A

gyms, prisons, dormitories, educational settings, military, opioid crisis

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5
Q

What are staph the leading cause of infection for?

A

US healthcare facilities

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6
Q

MRSA rates have ___ but MSSA rates are _______

A

Methicillin resistant staph aureus- dropped

Methicillin susceptible staph aureus-increasing

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7
Q

What color does staphylococcus aureus have on a chocolate plate? and BA?

A

choc- gold pigment

BA- beta hemolytic, white

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8
Q

Math how alpha, beta, gamma and sigma hemolysin virulence factors in staph affect their pathogenicity

  • lysing RBCs, damage to macros and platelets, tissue damage
  • hot-cold lysin, affects sphingomyelinase in plasma membrane of RBCs
  • exotoxin PVL that kills WBCs and suppresses phagocytosis
  • staph a and others, not as toxic as alpha and beta
A

alpha-lysing RBCs, damage to macros and platelets, tissue damage
beta- hot-cold lysin, affects sphingomyelinase in plasma membrane of RBCs
gamma- exotoxin PVL that kills WBCs and suppresses phagocytosis
sigma- staph a and others, not as toxic as alpha and beta

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9
Q

Match the virulence factors to their functions: capsule, lipase, hyaluronidase, peptidoglycan, protease, protein A, coagulase

-prevents phagocytosis and opsonization
capable of destroying tissue
binds to Fc region of IgG
cell survival and inactivates complement IL-1 chemotaxis
enzyme hydrolyzes hyaluronic acid
acts on lipase present on surface off skin
helps prevent phagocytosis

A

capsule-prevents phagocytosis and opsonization
protease-capable of destroying tissue
Protein A-binds to Fc region of IgG
peptidoglycan-cell survival and inactivates complement IL-1 —-chemotaxis
Hyaluronidase-enzyme hydrolyzes hyaluronic acid
lipase-acts on lipids present on surface off skin
coagulase-helps prevent phagocytosis

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10
Q

What causes
toxic shock syndrome, scalded skin syndrome, folliculitis, impetigo, furuncles, carbuncles, toxic epidermal necrolysis, food poisoning, bacteremia/ sepsis, pneumonia, osteomyelitis

A

staph aureus

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11
Q

What virulence factor aids in toxic shock syndrome, what causes it

A

enterotoxin F, tampons

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12
Q

What virulence factors aid staph aureus in scalded skin syndrome

A

exfoliative toxins- epidermolytic toxins

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13
Q

Match the condition to the description: folliculitis, furuncles, carbuncles, bullous impetigo

  • large pustules, highly contagious
  • cluster of boils, invasive lesions
  • mild inflammation of hair follicle or gland
  • large raised boil
A

-bullous impetigo-large pustules, highly contagious
-carbuncles-cluster of boils, invasive lesions
folliculitis-mild inflammation of hair follicle or gland
furuncles-large raised boil

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14
Q

What virulence factors aid S. aureus in causing food poisoning?

A

enterotoxins A, D and B

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15
Q

What is the most common coagulase negative staph species

A

epidermidis

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16
Q

What illness is staph saprophyticus likely to cause

A

UTIs in young women, concern in pregnancy

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17
Q

What are the results of a coagulase test free and bound if the organism is staph lugdunensis

A

tube/ free- negative

slide/ bound- positive

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18
Q

What illness is staph lugdunensis known for? what other characteristics distinguish it

A

endocarditis, aggressive, high mortality rate

might have mecA gene- oxacillin resistant

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19
Q

What test distinguishes staph lugdunensis?

A

oxacillin resistance-mecA gene

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20
Q

Which staph species is known for vancomycin resistance

A

staph haemolyticus

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21
Q

What characteristics can distinguish micrococcus from staphylococcus

A

staph- glucose fermenters

micrococcus- non glucose fermenters, TETRAD formation, MOTILE

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22
Q

What organisms grow on MacConkey? Which ones do not.

A

does grow GNR

does not grow GPO

23
Q

What plates will GPC grow on? What plates won’t it grow on

A

will grow- chocolate and BA

will not grow- MacConkey

24
Q

If there is a sample from a sterile body fluid, which staph species could it be, what test can be used to confirm its presence

A

S. lugdunensis

PYR +

25
Q

What test helps ID MRSA

A

Chrom agar-if pink its MRSA

cefoxitin inhibits MSSA

26
Q

What conditions could cause a false positive on a catalase test

A

if RBCS from BAP are transmitted

27
Q

Describe bound vs free coagulase, which one is more convenient?

A

bound-slide- more convenient

free-tube

28
Q

What causes false positives in bound coagulase

A

bound- GNR, intermedius, saphrophyticus, haemolyticus, hominis

free coagulase-lungunensis, schleiferi

29
Q

What organism is associated with dog bite wounds

A

staph aureus and other staph

30
Q

Where in the body are strep and enterococcus normally found

A

pharynx, mouth, lower GI tract and vagina

31
Q

Where do most strep and enterococcus cause opportunistic infection

A

in the respiratory system or sterile body fluids

32
Q

What strep and enterococcus are almost always pathogenic?

A

Strep pyogenes
Strep pneumonia
Enterococcus

33
Q

What is the colony morphology for strep and enterococcus

A

small pinpoint GPC in pairs or chains

34
Q

What is the first way to differenciate strep and enterococcus species after finding GPC catalase negative

A

blood agar hemolysis

35
Q

What hemolysis are the following strep and enterococcus

  • pyogenic
  • lactococcus
  • enterococcus
  • viridians
A
  • pyogenic- beta
  • lactococcus- gamma
  • enterococcus-gamma/ alpha
  • viridians- could be alpha, beta, gamma
36
Q

What are lactococcus associated with

A

dairy products

37
Q

How does lancefield grouping help categorize GPC catalase neg

A

detects surface antigens, proteins and carbs

38
Q

Name the lancefield grouping

A,B,C,D,F,G,L

A

A- s. pyogenes
B- S. equi and dysgalactiae
D- enterococcus faecalis, faecium, and strep bovis
F,G,L- strep anginosus

39
Q

Where are enterococcus found in normal conditions

A

GI tract, oral, skin

40
Q

What illness do enterococcus cause

A

hospital acquired infections,
immunocompromised
bacteremia, endocarditis, UTIs

41
Q

What are the characteristics of Strep and enterococcus cell wall

A

carbohydrates in cell wall helpful for lancefield classification

42
Q

Lancefield classification is only for ___ hemolytic strep

A

beta

43
Q

What does the term pyogenic mean? What are the pyogenic, and non pyogenic strep

A

fever inducing
pyogenic-beta Group A, B, C, F, G
non pyogenic- gamma and alpha- non beta

44
Q

Alpha hemolytic ______ lysis
Beta hemolytic _______lysis
Gamma hemolytic _____ lysis

A

partial
complete
no hemolysis

45
Q

What do strep pyogenes look like on BA

A

beta, small pinpoint grey

46
Q

Where are strep pyogenes capable of causing infection and how are they transmitted

A

skin, upper respiratory,
transmitted person to person- direct
aerosolized from cough, fomites or sneezes- indirect

47
Q

Match the virulence factors to the effects they cause: protein F, hyaluronic acid, M protein, strep O S Dnase hyaluronidase, SPEs, C5a

  • destroys complement
  • produce rash
  • produces enzymes that help invade and destroy tissues
  • antiphagocytic
  • inhibits phagocytosis
  • aids in epithelial cell attachment-fibronectin
A
  • destroys complement- C5a peptidase
  • produce rash- SPEs
  • produces enzymes that help invade and destroy tissues- strep O S Dnase hyaluronidase
  • antiphagocytic- M protein
  • inhibits phagocytosis- hyaluronic
  • aids in epithelial cell attachment-fibronectin- protein F
48
Q

What organism causes these diseases
cellulitis, scarlet fever, myositis, sepsis, pneumonia, step toxic shock, strep throat, pyodermal infection, necrotizing fascitis, Rheumatic fever, glomerulonephritis

A

Strep pyogenes

49
Q

What treatment is used against Strep pyogenes

A

penicillin, erythromycin

50
Q

What virulence factors do strep pyogenes have in terms of toxins

A

strep O- oxygen unstable, immunogenic

strep S- oxygen stable, non immunogenic

51
Q

Match the virulence factors to the disease: SPEs, exotoxins, M protein,

Toxic shock syndrome
Rheumatic fever
Pyodermal infection-scarlet fever

A

Toxic shock syndrome- SPEs
Rheumatic fever- M protein
Pyodermal infection-scarlet fever- exotoxins

52
Q

Name the PYR results for
Strep pyogenes
viridians
enterococcus

A

Strep pyogenes: PYR +
viridians: PYR -
enterococcus PYR +

53
Q

Which strep species is a type of viridian strep

A

anginosus

54
Q 
Name the LAP results for 
viridians strep 
Aerococcus viridans 
enterococcus 
lactococcus
A

viridians strep LAP +
Aerococcus viridans LAP -
enterococcus LAP +
lactococcus +

Bacteriology (10 decks)

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