exam°2023 Flashcards
Conflict
Conflict case III
At the weekly project meeting, Olivia (project manager), informs the project group that another project had booked the laboratory at the same time when they had made a preliminary booking (that had disappeared) to keep up with their time plan. Olivia informs that Rasmus (project manager of the other project), insists that his project needs to use the laboratory since they are working with one of the company’s most important customers.
Several group members get upset and tell Olivia (project manager) that she has to complain to someone in senior management and demand access to the lab. Olivia had made the booking first and it is not their fault that the person in charge had failed to register it.
Peter (technical expertise) in both projects then reluctantly tells the other group members that he has known about the mix-up for a while and has been discussing it with Rasmus. Peter says that he told Rasmus that Olivia’s project should be able to handle a delay and that he has promised the other project priority.
Several people in the group now turn against Peter and release their anger on him “How could you do that?!” It is no being loyal to us, and you don’t have any right to make agreements like that!”
Just like the others, Olivia feels let down. Why hadn’t Peter said anything about this to her? As the project manager, this is something that she should handle, not Peter. She has had several unnecessary conversations with Rasmus and the person in charge of the bookings. Why hadn’t Rasmus mentioned that he had already discussed this with Peter? Would Peter have done the same if she was a man? She felt both stupid and angry.
Based on the illustration in the case and the course literature on conflict: Which of the following alternatives are NOT correct:
Select one alternative:
- The conflict is between the company and a customer.
- An example of when the conflict turns destructive is when the group release anger on Peter and says “How can could you do that?”.
- An example of when the conflict turns destructive is when Olivia expresses how she felt both stupid and angry.
- The conflict is: within a group, between individuals in a group, between formal roles, and within formal roles.
The conflict is between the company and a customer.
Values and behaviours:
Read the following statements that you find below. Decide which two of the following statements are correct.
Select two alternatives:
- Knowledge about your own values and behaviors is needed to understand and influence the process of the group and other individuals’ behaviors.
- Derivative beliefs are difficult to be aware of. They are so deeply rooted in us that we do not question them.
- Values are the moral compass that mirrors what is right or wrong and which forms our opinions, attitudes and behaviors.
- Our core values are easy to change.
- We find it easier to adapt our behavior when the stress level is high.
- Knowledge about your own values and behaviors is needed to understand and influence the process of the group and other individuals’ behaviors.
- Values are the moral compass that mirrors what is right or wrong and which forms our opinions, attitudes and behaviors.
Which of the following two statements corresponds to the assumptions on the importance of
rules for collaboration in a workgroup?
Select two alternatives
- Implicit and unclear rules create conditions for relations in a work group to be manipulated.
- Unclear rules create condition for relations in a work group to be perceived as safe.
- Outspoken (explicit) and clear rules create conditions for relations in a work group to be perceived as safe.
- Implicit rules and unclear rules create conditions for relations in a work group to be perceived as safe.
- Outspoken (explicit) and clear rules create conditions for relations in a work group to be perceived as unsafe.
- Outspoken (explicit) rules create conditions for relations in a work group to be manipulated.
- Outspoken (explicit) and clear rules create conditions for relations in a work group to be perceived as safe.
- Implicit rules and unclear rules create conditions for relations in a work group to be perceived as safe.
During a course in project management with project managers there is a discussion on resources and how to act as a project manager when not enough project members are available to execute tasks and with a milestone approaching. One of the project managers leaned back in his chair, placed his cowboy boots on the table and began talking about all the impossible projects he had managed to pull off during his career. He said: “No problem, just give me the bodies.” He repeated this several times and looked around and said: “I’ll fix anything! Just give me the bodies”, meaning I just need people to execute tasks according to my instructions.
Based on the above: which of the following alternatives is the best example of leadership style according to Blake and Mouton’s model the Managerial Grid?
Select one alternative:
- The leadership style he is illustrating is ‘country club style.’
- The leadership style he is illustrating is ‘middle-of-the road.’
- The leadership style he is illustrating is ‘team style’.
- The leadership style he is illustrating is ‘impoverished.’
- The leadership style he is illustrating is ‘produce or perish.’
- The leadership style he is illustrating is ‘produce or perish’.
Which of the following statement is correct concerning stress?
Select one alternative:
- To show passive-aggressiveness is a way of helping a group member that is, for instance, stressed before an oral presentation.
- The reaction of individuals to identical conditions varies, since each individual has their subjective perception of the situation in project work.
- Long-term stress will not harm your health. It can help people to perform at their optimum (at their best) capacity.
- Avoiding to ask others for help will decrease your stress level.
- The red zone in the stress tunnel can be recognized by the use of formulations such as we/them, never/always.
- The reaction of individuals to identical conditions varies, since each individual has their subjective perception of the situation in project work.
Which one of the following statements is the best alternative to describe the Halo effect?
Select one alternative:
- An example of when the halo effect is likely to occur is when an individual is underdressed for the occasion and will give a formal presentation.
- The halo effect is the human tendency not to allow positive or negative characteristics of an individual to color how we assess them in other areas of their expertise.
- The halo effect is the human tendency to allow positive or negative characteristics of an individual to color how we assess them in other areas of their expertise.
- The halo effect is the human tendency to allow positive or negative characteristics of an individual to color how we assess them in other areas of their expertise.
IMGD Case
A project group consists of seven members, the project’s scope is to revise the product portfolio to recycled materials. The project group has been working for two weeks full time.
When asking Sara, one of the group members, about the project, she shared that there are several things that are unclear regarding routines in decision-making. Another group member Claes, says that he still doesn’t understand what the goal of the project is. His understanding, after a 25-slide PowerPoint presentation from senior management, is that a re-orientation towards sustainable products and work methods are essential. But what this implies for the project and the group members is still unclear. He speculates that this could imply a revision of material used in production or revision of current products. During the project meetings, the group members are mainly silent.
Based on the above-described situation, in which phase of the IMGD model would you place the group?
Select one alternative:
- Trust and structure
- Work and productivity
- Dependency and inclusion
- Counter-dependency and fight
- Trust and structure
Maslow’s Hierarchy of needs III
During a meeting, Aurora was offered to join a project group, and the person responsible for creating the group assured her basic needs would be met. She accepted and felt attracted to work in the project as this was an opportunity for her to put her competence at work.
Which need is met according to Maslow’s hierarchy of needs when Aurora perceives this to be an opportunity to put her competence at work in this project?
Select one alternative:
- Safety need
- Self-esteem
- Belonging
- Physiological needs
- Self-esteem
which is true and which is false?
- A Co-ordinator makes sure that everybody can speak, create structure, can delegate, focus on goals, and encourage decision making, but rarely shows creativity.
- In undeveloped groups, all group members have one or two roles activated.
- All nine roles need to be activated for the project group to work effectively.
- A Shaper is a restless leader style which is also characterized by a strong drive and will to get things done. A person who likes to challenge things, who is competitive, easily gets frustrated and who is not afraid to show it.
- Elite teams constituting individuals with the best results in the intelligence test and critical thinking performed excellent during the game sessions arranged by Belbin.
- A role is activated by a group member, when two conditions are met: 1) she or he is acting according to the working style of the role, and 2) is accepted by group members to act in the role.
TRUE: A Co-ordinator makes sure that everybody can speak, create structure, can delegate, focus on goals, and encourage decision making, but rarely shows creativity.
FALSE: In undeveloped groups, all group members have one or two roles activated.
FALSE: All nine roles need to be activated for the project group to work effectively.
TRUE: A Shaper is a restless leader style which is also characterized by a strong drive and will to get things done. A person who likes to challenge things, who is competitive, easily gets frustrated and who is not afraid to show it.
FALSE: Elite teams constituting individuals with the best results in the intelligence test and critical thinking performed excellent during the game sessions arranged by Belbin.
TRUE: A role is activated by a group member when two conditions are met: 1) she or he is acting according to the working style of the role, and 2) is accepted by group members to act in the role.
The project goal was to change the entire project portfolio at a producing company. The product manager, Lars Bengtsson, took the initiative and composed the project group. He saw himself as most skilled in working on technical matters and appointed one of his colleagues, Niclas Andersson, as the project leader and handpicked the other group members. When the project started, the product manager, Lars Bengtsson, didn’t follow the work routines for technical tasks and made decisions without getting them sanctioned by the project leader, Niclas Andersson. The project members got frustrated when some of the technical work, due to Lars Bengtsson’s decisions making, had to be redone and complained to the project leader that the routines for decision-making no longer applied. When they didn’t get any straight answer from the project leader, they turned straight to the product manager for answers instead. The product manager then accused the project leader of having lost control over the project.
In the course literature, different forms of theories on roles are presented. Based on the case illustration and knowledge about different types of roles, which is the most suitable alternative based on this case illustration?
Select one alternative:
- This case illustrates an alignment between formal and informal role.
- This case illustrates that project leader can’t create a credible informal role as the leader of the project.
- This case illustrates the Belbin role of specialist.
- This case illustrates the Belbin role of teamworker.
- This case illustrates an alignment between formal and informal role.
Which of the following statements of leadership is the correct alternative?
Select one alternative:
- Blake and Mouton’s leadership theory assumes two dimensions that a leader should focus on: concern for production and for co-workers. The most important for a leader, according to Blake and Moutons, is to only have a high concern for co-workers.
- Crevani (2011) argues from a leader to leadership as a process, where co-workers’ daily actions creates direction/governing to reach goals and coins the formulation clearing for action.
- During stage two of counter-dependency and fight, when the broad influence of the project leader is challenged, as a leader, you should assume that the questions raised by group members are about your competence.
- Leadership occurs in symmetrical power relations with a follower and a follower.
- Leadership is about creating alternatives to goal fulfillment.
- Crevani (2011) argues from a leader to leadership as a process, where co-workers’ daily actions creates direction/governing to reach goals and coins the formulation clearing for action.
The project group consists of the project manager, Elizabeth Bergman (Msc Industrial Engineering), Lena Andersson (Ph.D. Industrial Ergonomics), Heather Smith (Msc Industrial Logistics), Project administrator, Peter Persson (BA Communication) and Project accountant Paul Jepson (BA accounting). The project’s scope is to develop a new product category: ergonomic furniture for public space. Peter is a recently employed co-worker and new to the project. During the previous meetings, he has mostly been listening and showing confirmation via body language. During this particular meeting, Peter wants to contribute.
He puts on a big smile, leans forward and looks straight at the group leader and says that he has an idea. “Allow me to suggest a solution which I’ve tried before and which might provide some inspiration,” he says in a slightly higher voice with his eyes fixed on the group leader. The group leader sits quiet and Peter looks around at the others around the table. Then, without making eye contact he says: “Well, where I used to work, we tried…” and now the group leader and the group members start listening.
Based on knowledge of how norms work in groups: Which of the following statements is the correct alternative based on the illustration above?
Select one alternative:
- The illustration shows how a behavioural norm is violated by a high status member.
- The illustration shows how a high status member is correcting Peter.
- The illustration shows how the project leader changes the behavioural norm in the group.
- The illustration shows how a behavioural norm changes based on how Peter acts.
- The illustration shows how a behavioural norm remains based on how the project leader acts.
- The illustration shows how a behavioural norm changes based on how Peter acts.
Please match the values:
FEELING
JUDGING
SENSING
EXTROVISION
to
- Harmony and consensus are more important than winning and reaching a specific target.
- Work and decision are well checked with the environment’s demands and expectations.
- They prefer the concrete, actual, detailed here and now, but sometimes miss the larger picture.
- Makes plans, set goals, and stick to them.
FEELING: Harmony and consensus are more important than winning and reaching a specific target.
JUDGING: Makes plans, sets goals, and sticks to them.
SENSING: Prefers the concrete, actual, detailed here and now, but sometimes misses the larger picture.
EXTROVERSION: Work and decision are well checked with the environment’s demands and expectations.
Ida, a female student aged 25, was doing an internship at a company that was characterized by a Swedish corporate culture of shared responsibility.
She was about to participate in her first project meeting. At the start of the meeting, the project leader, Anders, a male at the age of 45, looked at Ida, who was carrying the tray with the cinnamon buns, into the meeting room and said: “Well, would you look at that you are just too good of a girl helping out with the fika.” and smiled. Ida didn’t respond and sat down by the meeting table.
Which form of master suppression technique is active?
Select one alternative:
- Withhold of information
- Ridiculing
- Objectifying
- Making Invisible
- Double punishment
- Objectifying
Please match:
Expert, Coercive, Referent, Reward, Legitimacy power
to:
- Personal qualities forming respect and admiration in the relationship between the co- workers and the leader.
- By offering for instance, monetary compensation for how many items that a co- worker has sold.
- For instance, when a person has access to information that could harm the other, the threat of being fired or having worse working conditions.
- Power is gained by being the specialist within an area.
- Power executed by formal position.
Referent Power: Personal qualities forming respect and admiration in the relationship between the co-workers and the leader.
Reward Power: By offering, for instance, monetary compensation for how many items that a co-worker has sold.
Coercive Power: For instance, when a person has access to information that could harm the other, the threat of being fired or having worse working conditions.
Expert: Power is gained by being the specialist within an area.
Legitimacy Power: Power executed by formal position.