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Micro Bio > Exam 2-Vaccines > Flashcards

Exam 2-Vaccines Flashcards

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1
Q

Active immunity

A

aquired through direct exposure to anitigen– produces antibodies, takes time, and develops memory/lasting

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2
Q

Passive imunity

A

aquired indirectly by donation of preformed antibodies produced in another human or animal– protection without prior exposure, acts immediately, does not create memory/short term

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3
Q

vaccines are what

A

artificial immunity that are active

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4
Q

passive artificial immunity

A

immunotherapy

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5
Q

types of acquired immunity

A

Natural and artificial

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6
Q

can cross placenta

A

IgG

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7
Q

immune serum globulin

A

pooled serum of 1000s of donors antibodies-antiserum

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8
Q

Specific immune globulin

A

serum from donors who have a previous known exposure

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9
Q

Antitoxin

A

an antibody which binds bacterial endotoxin or toxin in snake venom

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10
Q

Antibody response of attenuated vaccines

A

Good; IgA and IgG; also infects APC because lit is live; so NO boosters required (memory)

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11
Q

antibody response of inactivated vaccines

A

good; IgG; requires boosters b/c not good cell mediated response b/c it does NOT infect APC; ONLY good antibody response

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12
Q

Vaccine-

good Antibody response only

A

inactivated vaccine

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13
Q

Vaccine- Good antibody and Cell Mediated Response

A

Live-attenuated vaccines b/c they do infect APC

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14
Q

True or False–in order for Memory T and B cells to be activated, APCs must be infected

A

False, they can simply engulf the antigen

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15
Q

True or False–in order for Memory Killer T cells to be activated, the APC must be infected

A

True; APC is infected, digests the antigen into peptides using proteosome, and presents to CD8+ cells via MHC1

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16
Q

attenuated

A

live

17
Q

inactivated

A

inactive or killed whole agent or subunit

18
Q

subunit vaccines often require

A

adjuvant; because they are too small/weak to induce a strong immune response on their own; adjuvant enhances antigenecity by stimulating dendritic cells and macrophages; Alum is most common example

19
Q

Alum

A

most common adjuvant; helps stimulate a response by subunit vaccines by stimulating dendritic and macrophages

20
Q

Types of Subunit Vaccines

A

Toxoids-Polysacchardides-Conjugate–virus-like particles–recombinant vaccines

21
Q

Toxoids

A

subunit vaccine which has inactive exotoxin (still has antigenic epitopes)

22
Q

Polysaccharide Vaccines

A

contain capsule (made of polysaccharides)

23
Q

Conjugate vaccines

A

polysaccharides (usually capsules) linked to large proteins

24
Q

Virus like particles

A

capsid w/o genomes

25
Q

recombinant vaccines

A

inject DNA which encodes the antigen

26
Q

Why link a polysaccharide vaccine to a protein?

A

To elicit a T-dependent response b/c polysaccharides only elicit T independent response which is not as strong and does not have memory

27
Q

Recombinant Vaccines

A

use genetically enigineered microbes or microbial agents (DNA Vaccines-which encodes for an antigen)-can be done enogenously or exogenously

28
Q

serotype

A

having one means that the antigen of that org does not change so likely means the outer surface of that org does not change

29
Q

Good canidate for vaccine development

A
  1. one serotype
  2. illness
  3. heat stable
  4. antibody blocks infection or spread
30
Q

Herd immunity

A

achieved when a critical portion of population is immune to disease; confers the indirect protection for those who cant become immune

31
Q

percentage to achieve herd immunity

A

roughly 85%

32
Q

Who cannot become immune

A
  • immunocomprimised
  • infants
  • elderly (decreased immune response)
  • allergies to vaccine
  • pregnant woman (b/c cross placenta)
33
Q

inflammation after a vaccine means

A

it is working!!

Micro Bio (11 decks)

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