Exam 2-Vaccines

Question 1

Active immunity

Answer 1

aquired through direct exposure to anitigen– produces antibodies, takes time, and develops memory/lasting

Question 2

Passive imunity

Answer 2

aquired indirectly by donation of preformed antibodies produced in another human or animal– protection without prior exposure, acts immediately, does not create memory/short term

Question 3

vaccines are what

Answer 3

artificial immunity that are active

Question 4

passive artificial immunity

Answer 4

immunotherapy

Question 5

types of acquired immunity

Answer 5

Natural and artificial

Question 6

can cross placenta

Answer 6

IgG

Question 7

immune serum globulin

Answer 7

pooled serum of 1000s of donors antibodies-antiserum

Question 8

Specific immune globulin

Answer 8

serum from donors who have a previous known exposure

Question 9

Antitoxin

Answer 9

an antibody which binds bacterial endotoxin or toxin in snake venom

Question 10

Antibody response of attenuated vaccines

Answer 10

Good; IgA and IgG; also infects APC because lit is live; so NO boosters required (memory)

Question 11

antibody response of inactivated vaccines

Answer 11

good; IgG; requires boosters b/c not good cell mediated response b/c it does NOT infect APC; ONLY good antibody response

Question 12

Vaccine-

good Antibody response only

Answer 12

inactivated vaccine

Question 13

Vaccine- Good antibody and Cell Mediated Response

Answer 13

Live-attenuated vaccines b/c they do infect APC

Question 14

True or False–in order for Memory T and B cells to be activated, APCs must be infected

Answer 14

False, they can simply engulf the antigen

Question 15

True or False–in order for Memory Killer T cells to be activated, the APC must be infected

Answer 15

True; APC is infected, digests the antigen into peptides using proteosome, and presents to CD8+ cells via MHC1

Question 16

attenuated

Answer 16

live

Question 17

inactivated

Answer 17

inactive or killed whole agent or subunit

Question 18

subunit vaccines often require

Answer 18

adjuvant; because they are too small/weak to induce a strong immune response on their own; adjuvant enhances antigenecity by stimulating dendritic cells and macrophages; Alum is most common example

Question 19

Alum

Answer 19

most common adjuvant; helps stimulate a response by subunit vaccines by stimulating dendritic and macrophages

Question 20

Types of Subunit Vaccines

Answer 20

Toxoids-Polysacchardides-Conjugate–virus-like particles–recombinant vaccines

Question 21

Toxoids

Answer 21

subunit vaccine which has inactive exotoxin (still has antigenic epitopes)

Question 22

Polysaccharide Vaccines

Answer 22

contain capsule (made of polysaccharides)

Question 23

Conjugate vaccines

Answer 23

polysaccharides (usually capsules) linked to large proteins

Question 24

Virus like particles

Answer 24

capsid w/o genomes

Question 25

recombinant vaccines

Answer 25

inject DNA which encodes the antigen

Question 26

Why link a polysaccharide vaccine to a protein?

Answer 26

To elicit a T-dependent response b/c polysaccharides only elicit T independent response which is not as strong and does not have memory

Question 27

Recombinant Vaccines

Answer 27

use genetically enigineered microbes or microbial agents (DNA Vaccines-which encodes for an antigen)-can be done enogenously or exogenously

Question 28

serotype

Answer 28

having one means that the antigen of that org does not change so likely means the outer surface of that org does not change

Question 29

Good canidate for vaccine development

Answer 29

1. one serotype 2. illness 3. heat stable 4. antibody blocks infection or spread

Question 30

Herd immunity

Answer 30

achieved when a critical portion of population is immune to disease; confers the indirect protection for those who cant become immune

Question 31

percentage to achieve herd immunity

Answer 31

roughly 85%

Question 32

Who cannot become immune

Answer 32

- immunocomprimised - infants - elderly (decreased immune response) - allergies to vaccine - pregnant woman (b/c cross placenta)

Question 33

inflammation after a vaccine means

Answer 33

it is working!!