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Micro Bio > Exam 2- Antibodies and the memory response > Flashcards

Exam 2- Antibodies and the memory response Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

antibodies are (definition)

A

secreted immunoglobin proteins

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2
Q

secreted antibodies react with antigens where

A

extracellular spaces

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3
Q

structure of antibodies

A

heterodimer with 2 light chains (22kda) and 2 heavy chains (55kda) joined by a disulfide bridge; variable ends are the first 110 a.a. of amino terminal (specificity)

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4
Q

variable region of antibody

A

110 a.a. on amino-terminal of both chains

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5
Q

VDJ

A

generates Ig diversity; makeup the variable region

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6
Q

Part that determines the class of antibody

A

constant region-binds the immune cells (macrophages) and reacts with complements

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7
Q

Antibody Function

A

circulate blood seaking target antigen, find, bind, and mark for destruction(5 ways)

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8
Q

5 mechs of antibody function

A 
Agglutination
Fixes and activates complement
Opsonization
Neutralization
Antibody dependent cell mediated cytotoxicity
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9
Q

Agglutination

A

crosslink antigen to reduce number of infectious units (clump)-able b/c 2 binding sites

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10
Q

Fixes and activates complement

A

activate complement via CLASSICAL pathway—–ab binds to antigen on pathogen and activates formation of C3 convertase to activate MAC and inflammation

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11
Q

antibodies activate complement via

A

classical pathway

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12
Q

Opsonization

A

coating antigen w/ antibody which enhances phagocytosis (IgG and C3B); Phagocytes have Fc receptor that binds IG (bound to antigen) causes phagocytosis

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13
Q

Fc receptor binds to

A

IgG on opsonized antigen for phagocytosis; or to Ab in the case of antibody dep. cell mediated cytotoxicity

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14
Q

Neutralization

A

blocks adhesion of bacteria and viruses to mucosa, blocks attachment of toxins (no longer can act on host cells)

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15
Q

Antibody dependent cell mediated cytotoxicity

A

target cells for destruction by eosinophils and NK cells——Eosinophils have Fc receptor that binds Ab, recognizing antigen on large pathogens (worms)— secretes perforin and granzyme; NKs can recognize Ab on antigens too!

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16
Q

target cells for destruction by eosinophils and NK cells

A

Antibody dependent cell mediated cytotoxicity

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17
Q

Number of different heavy chain constant regions

A

5 ISOTYPES

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18
Q

determines the Ig Class

A

the a.a. sequence in the constant region of the heavy chain

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19
Q

IgM structure

A

monomeric; secreted is pentameric

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20
Q

IgM function

A

expressed on B cells (BCR), Activates compliment, good at agglutination (can bind 10) and is first class produced in primary response

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21
Q

1st class of antibody produced in primary response

A

IgM

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22
Q

most abundant Ig in serum

A

IgG

23
Q

Antibody that crosses placenta

A

IgG-very small

24
Q

antibody involved in complement activation

A

IgG and IgM

25
Q

Predominant class of antibody in secreations

A

IgA

26
Q

Helps protect mucosal membranes/mucosal immunity

A

IgA

27
Q

Antibody which exists as a dimer

A

IgA (secretory)

28
Q

IgA

A

secreations, mucous membranes, J train across intestinal wall, dimer,

29
Q

Antibody that is membrane bound on B cells (BCR) and not very present in serum

A

IgD

30
Q

Very little present in serum

A

IgD

31
Q

IgE

A

allergic reactions and worm infections

32
Q

IgD

A

B cell membrane bound, little in serum

33
Q

antibody for allergic reactions and worms

A

IgE

34
Q

Class switching

A

increases number of functional antibodies without altering antigen specificity

35
Q

Class switching progression

A

IgM initilal (agglutination) –> IgG (default-good for activating complement and therefor MAC to attack infection

36
Q

IgM vs IgG

A

different classes, meaning different heavy chains, but same Fab region because they bind the SAME ANTIGEN

37
Q

determines antibody class

A

heavy chain

38
Q

determines antigen bound

A

Fab region

39
Q

mechanism of class switching

A

enzymes delete regions of the constant region–no loss of DNA –> IgM
loss of DNA puts constant region first and –> IgG

40
Q

Memory response

A

a larger population of sensatized plasma cells are ready to respond (already a few cells developed)

41
Q

Memory B cells from primary response

A

differentiate into plasma cells w/o needing direct contact to the Th cell–NOTE antibodies made in secondary response are better

42
Q

Types of Memory B cells

A
  1. Memory plasma cell-long lived plasma cell in BONE MARROW and secretes IgG (CLASS SWITCHED)–no T equivalent
  2. Normal, central memory B cells-reside in secondary lymphoid organs and proliferate slow to maintain pool of memory B cells–primed army for next infection and can replenish memory plasma cells
43
Q

keeps B cell army available-reside in lymphoid organs

A

normal, central memory B cells

44
Q

secrete IgG-reside in bone marrow

A

B memory plasma cells

45
Q

Memory antibody characteristics

A

higher number and affinity in response, BCR also acquires mutations –> binds better

46
Q

immunization

A

exposure to antigen

47
Q

differentiate amt and rates of antibodies in primary and secondary responses

A

in 1: fast IgM;
IgG comes later and both die fast

in 2: fast IgM; IgG comes faster, stronger, longer

48
Q

effect of secondary exposure on IgM

A

NONE!! responds fast and dies fast still, IgG is just faster, stronger, and longer

49
Q

Cell mediated and humoral response on adaptive immunity

A

chosen branch is based on pathogen, humoral –> antibodies good at attacking extracellular

50
Q

branch good at producing antibodies that attack extracellular things well

A

humoral

51
Q

branch good at attacking intracellulars

A

cell mediated; producing helper T cells, activated macrophages and Cytotoxic T cells

52
Q

best at clearing intracellular bacteria

A

macrophages

53
Q

best at clearing viral infections

A

T cells

54
Q

Kill intracellular org

A

must transform, phagocytize and MHCII presentation, antibody and complement

Micro Bio (11 decks)

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