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Micro Bio > Exam 2 Innate Pt 2 > Flashcards

Exam 2 Innate Pt 2 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

can activate Macrophages

A

cytokines (from WBC) and Active T cells

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2
Q

Direct the attack against persistent infections phagocyes cannot kill

A

lymphocytes-B or T

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3
Q

Granulomas

A

Giant-multinucleated balls of macrophages that wall off orgs that cannot be destroyed

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4
Q

Cavitary TB

A

tubercles in lung-immunocompromised

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5
Q

Miliary TB

A

in children; many small granulomas

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6
Q

Complement system is made by what organ

A

liver; circulate in blood and kill 3 ways

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7
Q

Membrane Attack Complex-MAC

A

kills cells; c5b binds in cell membrane, c6-c9 join to form a pore in the membrane which causes the cell to lyse

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8
Q

MAC involves ___ which embeds in membrane and _____; causing a ____ and cell to lyse

A

c5b, c6-c9, pore in membrane, lysis

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9
Q

Activation of complement system goal and ways

A

goal is to activate C3 convertase;

  1. lectin and classical pathways-c4b2b convertase
  2. alternate pathways-c3bBb convertase
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10
Q

convertase of lectin and classical

A

c4b2b

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11
Q

Convertase of alt. pathways

A

c3bBb

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12
Q

Alt Pathway

A

c3 is unstable so it spont. breaks down into c3a/c3b; this little bit can bind -NOT opsonize- bacteria and intiate c3bBb convertase

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13
Q

Lectin Pathway

A

lectins produced in the liver and bind carbs such as mannose–
MBP floats in blood and activates c4b2b

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14
Q

classical pathway

A

Activates C4b2b;DOES NOT happen with initial exposure; activated by antibodies produced by the adaptive immune system. Antigen-antibody complex activates C1

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15
Q

Activation of complement system that is ONLY with second exposure

A

Classical pathway requires antibody-antigen complex to activate

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16
Q

c3a and c5a

A

anaphylaxis (causes histamine to degranulate) and chemoattrictants for phagocytes

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17
Q

activates MAC

A

c5b

18
Q

C3b does

A

opsonization which leads to increased phagocytosis

19
Q

c5b

A

activates MAC

20
Q

CPR

A

production stimulated by cytokines, opsonize bacteria –> activates C1 –> complement activation; THUS CPR acts as an antibody to activate the classical pathway

21
Q

C1

A

activates classical pathway

22
Q

Induces fever

A

pyrogens

23
Q

Endogenous

A

from own cell (TNF-alpha)

24
Q

Exogenous

A

bacterial protein stimulates fever

25
Q

Mechanism of fever

A
  1. chemicals secreted by phagocytes travel to hypothalamus
  2. hypothalamus secretes prostaglandin –> resets thermostat
  3. nerve impulses cause shivering, vasodilation, and increased metabolic rates –> in
26
Q

causes reset of thermostat

A

Prostglandin

27
Q

Benefits of fever

A

inhibit growth, speeds up phagocytosis and repair of tissue, increases leukocyte motility, reduces Fe available

28
Q

Complement effects on viral infections

A

NONE-thus MAC does not either

29
Q

Interferon alpha and beta

A
  1. cell is infected and produces dsRNA
  2. cell produces type one IFN in response
  3. IFN alpha and beta secreated to other cells
  4. IFN turns on IVAP inactive
  5. once virus infects the cell it activates IVAP causing apoptosis
    IFN also activates NK cells
30
Q

Natural Killer Cells branch of immune system

A

adaptive lymphocyte; only one; really funtions in innate (non specific)

31
Q

only lymphocyte that is adaptive

A

NK cells

32
Q

Activates NK cells

A

IL-12,Type 1 INF, and TNF-alpha

33
Q

Progenitor cell of NK cells

A

lymphoid progenitor

34
Q

what do NK cells attack

A

intracellularly infected and cancer cells-Fc receptor binds IgG which has opsonized PAMP

35
Q

Receptor on NK cells

A

Fc receptor which binds IgG which has opsonized

36
Q

How NK cells kill

A

release perforin and then granzyme –> apoptosis

37
Q

perforin

A

released by NK cells; allows granzymes to enter

38
Q

Granzyme

A

released by NK cells; follow up perforin in apoptosis

39
Q

Cytokine Production by NK cells

A

IFN gamma (type 2) which will stimulate/activate macrophages and maturation of dendritic cells –> cause T cell response

40
Q

IFN gamma (type 2)

A

secreted by NK cells; stimulates/activates macrophages and maturation of dendritic cells –> cause T cell response

41
Q

NK cell response cessation

A

when adaptive kicks in

Micro Bio (11 decks)

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