Exam 2 - Tissue Transplantation/Clinical Transplantation

Question 1

Name the two types of tissue transplantation.

Answer 1

1) Autograft

2) Allograft

Question 2

What is the type of tissue transplantation that is a tissue of one patient from one part and transferred to another part of the same person’s body?

Answer 2

AUTOGRAFT

Question 3

What type of tissue transplantation are burn victims?

Answer 3

AUTOGRAFT

Question 4

Name the term that describes tissue transplantation from one person to another.

Answer 4

ALLOGRAFT

Question 5

Which of the two tissue transplantation types is ALWAYS rejected?

Answer 5

ALLOGRAFT

ALLograft = ALways rejected

Question 6

Which of the two tissue transplantation types survives?

Answer 6

AUTOGRAFT

Question 7

Why does Autograft Transplantation survive?

Answer 7

Because its self to self and it is the same MHC molecules

Question 8

Name the three types of rejection.

Answer 8

1) Hyper-acute rejection
2) Acute rejection
3) Chronic rejection

Question 9

How many types of tissue rejection are there?

Answer 9

THREE

“HAC”
H - Hyper-acute
A - Acute
C - Chronic

Question 10

T/F: Hyper-acute rejection is a huge concern in transplantation.

Answer 10

FALSE

-Hyper-acute rejection is not a concern now

Question 11

Which of the 3 types of rejection is the MOST COMMON?

Answer 11

ACUTE REJECTION

Question 12

When does Acute Rejection occur?

Answer 12

In weeks to months after surgery

Question 13

T/F: Acute rejection can be controlled.

Answer 13

TRUE

Question 14

Which of the three types of tissue rejection occurs from 1-2 years or 5-10 years later with no known cause?

Answer 14

CHRONIC REJECTION

Question 15

When does Hyper-acute rejection occur?

Answer 15

24-48 or 72 hours after transplant

Question 16

Why does Hyper-acute rejection occur?

Answer 16

Because hot receiving graft has pre-existing antibodies, T cells against the graft tissue - thus the attack occurs
-Prior screening helps

Question 17

What is the type of transplantation that is tissue from one person to another?

Answer 17

Allograft

Question 18

Name the 3 phases of tissue rejection.

Answer 18

1) Afferent Phase
2) Central Phase
3) Efferent Phase

Question 19

Phases of tissue rejection = “ACE” = ?

Answer 19

A - Afferent
C - Central
E - Efferent

Question 20

Which phase of tissue rejection is described by the following:
-Migration of antigen grafted tissue to secondary lymphoid organ or lymphatic draining lymph nodes  - in the process it is taken up by APCs, processed, presented to T cells (in context of MHC class II) and T cells differentiate

Answer 20

AFFERENT PHASE

Question 21

T/F: In the Afferent Phase of tissue rejection, antigenic material from the graft travels in the lymphatics to the draining lymph nodes, where it sensitizes antigen-specific T cells.

Answer 21

TRUE

Question 22

What cell type are graft antigens presented to?

Answer 22

CD4+ (helper T cells)

Question 23

Which class of MHC molecules are graft antigens presented to T cells by APCs?

Answer 23

MHC Class II molecules

Question 24

When tissue is grafted it has some molecules in it that are shed and those molecules are called what?

Answer 24

ANTIGENS

Question 25

What does sensitized T cells mean?

Answer 25

It means that it has recognized antigen and that antigen is the one that has shed from grafted tissue

Question 26

Which of the 3 phases involves the activation of immune effector cells?

Answer 26

CENTRAL PHASE

Question 27

What are the immune effector cells that are activated in the Central Phase?

Answer 27

T cells, Macrophages, and others

Question 28

In the Central Phase, what is occurring when examination of lymph nodes following graft occurs?

Answer 28

It reveals intense activity with an increased traffic of lymphocytes across the high endothelium of POST CAPILLARY VENULES