Exam 2 - small animal pathology Flashcards
what is the classical or prevalence theory of the CEHMEP complex
- estrogen priming - develops endometrial glands & increases P receptors in uterus
- progesterone - development/secretion of endometrial glands, suppress motility, close cervix, decreased immune function in uterus
- cystic changes = CEH
what is the special pathogen theory of the CEHMEP complex
more pathogenic strains of E.coli have special virulence factors that lead to endometritis then CEH then pyometra
give a general summary of the development of a pyometra
older maiden bitch with continuous non-pregnant cycles leads to CEH, E.coli during estrus ascends vagina but uterine cyst make it hard to clear before progesterone influence closes the cervix
pyometra or CEH requires what horomone
progesterone
why is every intact bitch susceptible to developing a pyometra whether bred or not
diestrus (non-pregnant) and pregnancy progesterone levels in the bitch are very similar due to NO luteolytic mechanism
progesterone functions
stimulates proliferation/secretion of endometrial glands
cervix closed
no myometrial contractions
suppress immune response
what is the gold standard diagnostic for early detection of pyometra and differentiating from pregnancy
ultrasound
what is the treatment of choice for pyometra
ovariohysterectomy
what is the aim of medical treatment for pyometra
to get rid of progesterone
what are the 2 types of vaginitis
juvenile “puppy” < 1 yr
adult-onset >1 yr, spayed > intact
etiology and clinical signs of juvenile vaginitis
etiology: likely immune-mediated
clinical sign: only licking at the vulva
causes of adult PRIMARY vaginitis
brucella canis
CHV
TVT
causes of adult SECONDARY vaginitis
anatomic abnormalities (e.g. vestibulovaginal junction)
perivulval dermatitis/atopy
foreign body
neoplasia
urinary incontinence
lower urinary tract disease
when is a vaginal culture diagnostic for vaginitis
mixed population of commensal bacteria is normal
need pure heavy growth of a single bacteria + hx + clinical signs
vaginitis is often associated with chronic use of _____
antibiotics
what hormone is vaginal hyperplasia associated with
estrogen
vaginal hyperplasia is common in these breeds ____ and is _____
boxer, mastiff, bulldog
heritable
what diagnostic do you do for vaginal hyperplasia
vaginal cytology to confirm presence of estrogen (>90% SCI)
ovarian remnant syndrome is associated with what hormone
estrogen
what are some ddx in a spayed bitch with blood vulval discharge
exogenous estrogen therapy/creams by owners
coagulopathy
trauma
ORS
what hormones can you use to check for ORS
Estrogen
Progesterone
LH
AMH
what hormone is used in shelters as a spay check test
AMH
would be increased if ovaries present (secreted by ovary granulosa cells)
can be measured at any stage of estrous cycle - single test
if ovaries are present, LH will be ____
low due to - feedback
if there are no ovaries, LH will be _____
high because of no - feedback
when is the typical day to inseminate with fresh AI
4 days after LH
when is the typical day to inseminate with frozen semen
5 days after LH
