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Theriogenology > Exam 2 - Livestock Reproduction > Flashcards

Exam 2 - Livestock Reproduction Flashcards

1
Q

puberty in bovine
age?
bos taurus vs indicus?
season?
body weight?

A

4mo - 2 yr
bos taurus before indicus
autumn births before spring births
40-50% mature weight

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2
Q

bovine seasonal or non-seasonal breeders

A

non-seasonal
polyestrous

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3
Q

bovine estrous cycle?
estrus length?
ovulation?

A

21 days
12-18hrs
30hrs after estrus onset

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4
Q

what is a clinical significance in cows that means it is too late to breed

A

bloody vaginal mucus

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5
Q

how many follicular waves do cattle most commonly have

A

2 follicular waves

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6
Q

how many ovulations do cows have per cycle? do beef or dairy cattle have double ovulations more commonly?

A

1 ovulation

double ovulation more common in dairy cows

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7
Q

what is a definitive sign of estrus in cows?

A

standing to be mounted

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8
Q

methods of estrus detection in cows

A
  1. pressure sensitive mount detectors and tailhead markings
  2. estrus detector animals
  3. electrical resistance of repro tissue fluids
  4. pedometer
  5. electric pressure-sensitive mount detectors
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9
Q

OV synchronization is good for what in cows

A

improves preg rates
reduces days open in lactating dairy cows

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10
Q

caprine (goats) puberty
age?
weight?

A

6-8 mo
60% body weight

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11
Q

caprine seasonal or non-seasonal breeders?

A

seasonally polyestrous “short day breeders”
august-march (esp Oct-Dec)

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12
Q

caprine estrous cycle

A

21 days

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13
Q

what is the buck effect

A

intro of a buck will synchronize a group of doelings in breeding season

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14
Q

what is unique about a caprines estrus

A

no progesterone priming

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15
Q

difference between a cow and goat in metestrus

A

goats refuse to mate until CL formation
goats do not have vulvar hemorrhage

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16
Q

how to detect estrus in goats

A
  1. teaser or breeding buck
  2. buck jar
  3. side/side or up/down tail flagging
  4. cervix speculum exam
17
Q

how can you extend the luteal phase/delay estrus & ovulation?

A

progesterone products

18
Q

how can you shorten the luteal phase/induce luteolysis?

A

prostaglandin products

19
Q

puberty in sheep
dependent on?
what must they experience?
suffolk & western white face…
what may be seen?

A

depends on nutrition, adequate rate of growth & photoperiod
experience long days then decreasing daylength
30 weeks
silent ovulation or short luteal phase

20
Q

sheep seasonal or non-seasonal breeders?

A

seasonally polyestrous “short day breeders”
july-march

21
Q

sheep estrous cycle

A

17 days

22
Q

what do sheep and goats have in common about metestrus?

A

refuse to mate until CL formation

23
Q

what is the most powerful stimulus of estrus detection in sheep?

A

novel ram introduction

24
Q

what is the star system in sheep

A

5 lambs in 3 years

25
Q

camelid puberty
age?
weight?

A

12 mo
65% adult weight

26
Q

what is different about camelid estrous cycles, coitus and ovulation?

A

sexual receptivity up to 36 days - female in “cushing” position
prolonged coitus 10-50min
induced ovulators - ovulation inducing factor (OIF) in semen (nerve growth factor beta)

27
Q

how can you induce ovulation in camelids?

A

GnRH, LH or hCG
breed with vasectomized male

28
Q

porcine puberty
age?
depends on?

A

5-8mo (165 days)
season, social environment, nutrition
& boar exposure

29
Q

what is the primer effect in pigs?

A

stimulation of puberty due to boar pheromones

30
Q

what is the signaler effect in pigs?

A

elicitation of lordosis (standing heat) due to boar exposure

31
Q

ideal environment for pigs?

A

pens 6-12 ideal

32
Q

pigs estrous cycle

A

21 days

33
Q

what is a pigs ovulation rate affected by

A

age
breed
nutrition

34
Q

estrus detection in pigs

A

boar for detection
lordosis

35
Q

why do you house a boar away from females?

A

cannot maintain lordosis due to muscle exhaustion

36
Q

why is it impractical to induce luteolysis with PGF2alpha in pigs?

A

unlike other LA, pigs are not responsive until late in estrous cycle (days 12-14)

37
Q

pig mating systems

A
  1. insemination not more than 24 hr before ovulation or 4 hr after
  2. pen mating (boar:sow 1:8)
  3. hand mating
  4. AI (majority, 1:150 boar:sow)

Theriogenology (13 decks)

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