Exam 2 - Dog/Cat Reproduction

Question 1

5 anatomic obstacles to identify and navigate when performing a transcervical insemination (TCI)

Answer 1

long vagina
narrow space under dorsal median fold
limited space in paracervical area
ventral/mobile os cervix
angle/diameter of cervical canal

Question 2

difference between a dog and cat testicles and epididymis

Answer 2

testes horizontal in both
epididymis dorsal in dog
epididymis cranioventral in cat

Question 3

spikes on a tomcat penis are _____

Answer 3

testosterone dependent

Question 4

are bitches seasonal or non-seasonal

Answer 4

non-seasonal
monoestrous - 1-2 cycles/year (each cycle lasts about 7mo)

Question 5

when do bitches reach puberty

Answer 5

6-12mo

Question 6

what dog breeds cycle once a year

Answer 6

basenjis
wolves
tibetan mastiffs

Question 7

what are 10 unique features of the canine estrous cycle

Answer 7

1. monoestrous - cycle 1-2/yr
2. no luteolytic mechanism/no maternal recognition
3. females stand to be bred prior to fertility period
4. canine sperm last 7 days
5. standing heat associated with decrease E, rising P
6. P increase before ovulation
7. after ovulation, still in estrus for 3-8 days
8. ovulation 2 days after LH surge
9. 2 days for oocyte to mature in oviduct - to become fertile
10. fertilization period lasts 3 days

Question 8

what breeding management strategy is used in bitches

Answer 8

dual sire insemination

Question 9

vulval changes in proestrus

Answer 9

swelling +/- bleeding

Question 10

vulval changes in estrus

Answer 10

shrunken, wrinkled vulva, no bleeding

Question 11

what test can you do for behavioral estrus to see tail flagging and standing reflex?

Answer 11

poke test

Question 12

what test can you do to check vulva to see what stage bitch is in

Answer 12

tissue test

Question 13

vaginal cytology is an _____

Answer 13

indirect measurement of estrogen

Question 14

what does a vaginal cytology identify

Answer 14

fertilization period

Question 15

what to take into consideration with a vaginoscopy

Answer 15

crenulation
lumen size
mucosa color

Question 16

vaginoscopy findings:
pink, moist, swollen, large odematous folds, little or
no vaginal lumen, smooth

what stage?

Answer 16

proestrus

Question 17

vaginoscopy findings:
paler pink, drier, edema recedes, large folds, transverse folds, large vaginal lumen

what stage?

Answer 17

early estrus

Question 18

vaginoscopy findings:
shrunken angular

what stage?

Answer 18

estrus

Question 19

vaginoscopy findings:
Dry, pale, shrunken angular,
crenulated mucosa, large luminal space

what stage?

Answer 19

late estrus

MOST FERTILE PERIOD - BREED NOW

Question 20

vaginoscopy findings:
pink, moist rounded folds often with brown mucky
discharge: lasts 2-5 days, bitch still attractive

what stage?

Answer 20

diestrus

Question 21

what blood hormone assays can you do

Answer 21

estrogen
LH
progesterone

Question 22

cat puberty

Answer 22

4-12 mo

Question 23

are cats seasonal or non-seasonal breeders

Answer 23

seasonally polyestrous
long day breeders

Question 24

what is unique about cat ovulation? how many matings are required?

Answer 24

induced ovulators (29-40hr post coitus approx 30 hrs) via penile spines
require 4 matings

Question 25

what breeds of cats can have spontaneous ovulations? what does this possibly lead to?

Answer 25

oriental breeds
pyometra if unmated

Question 26

cats gestation length

Answer 26

66 days

Question 27

dog gestation length

Answer 27

65 days

Question 28

methods to induce ovulation in cats

Answer 28

1. penile spines
2. mechanical vaginal swab
3. drugs - GnRH, hCG

Question 29

explain ovulation without conception in cats

Answer 29

ovulation occurs due to mating with sterile tom, cotton bud, hCG/GnRH or spontaneous
leads to pseudopregnancy = increased progesterone
induces pyometra

Question 30

how can progesterone detect the LH peak in the bitch

Answer 30

slow preovulatory rise in P can be used to indirectly detect the LH peak and ovulation

Question 31

how can progesterone detect ovulation in the bitch

Answer 31

ovulation ~2 days after LH peak and abrupt rise in P

Question 32

when to breed with natural/fresh semen

Answer 32

viable 7 (13) days
4 days post LH

Question 33

when to breed with fresh chilled semen

Answer 33

viable 2-5 days after AI

Question 34

when to breed with frozen thawed semen

Answer 34

6-24 (48) hours after thawing and AI
5 days post LH