Exam 2 - Dog/Cat Reproduction Flashcards
5 anatomic obstacles to identify and navigate when performing a transcervical insemination (TCI)
long vagina
narrow space under dorsal median fold
limited space in paracervical area
ventral/mobile os cervix
angle/diameter of cervical canal
difference between a dog and cat testicles and epididymis
testes horizontal in both
epididymis dorsal in dog
epididymis cranioventral in cat
spikes on a tomcat penis are _____
testosterone dependent
are bitches seasonal or non-seasonal
non-seasonal
monoestrous - 1-2 cycles/year (each cycle lasts about 7mo)
when do bitches reach puberty
6-12mo
what dog breeds cycle once a year
basenjis
wolves
tibetan mastiffs
what are 10 unique features of the canine estrous cycle
- monoestrous - cycle 1-2/yr
- no luteolytic mechanism/no maternal recognition
- females stand to be bred prior to fertility period
- canine sperm last 7 days
- standing heat associated with decrease E, rising P
- P increase before ovulation
- after ovulation, still in estrus for 3-8 days
- ovulation 2 days after LH surge
- 2 days for oocyte to mature in oviduct - to become fertile
- fertilization period lasts 3 days
what breeding management strategy is used in bitches
dual sire insemination
vulval changes in proestrus
swelling +/- bleeding
vulval changes in estrus
shrunken, wrinkled vulva, no bleeding
what test can you do for behavioral estrus to see tail flagging and standing reflex?
poke test
what test can you do to check vulva to see what stage bitch is in
tissue test
vaginal cytology is an _____
indirect measurement of estrogen
what does a vaginal cytology identify
fertilization period
what to take into consideration with a vaginoscopy
crenulation
lumen size
mucosa color
vaginoscopy findings:
pink, moist, swollen, large odematous folds, little or
no vaginal lumen, smooth
what stage?
proestrus
vaginoscopy findings:
paler pink, drier, edema recedes, large folds, transverse folds, large vaginal lumen
what stage?
early estrus
vaginoscopy findings:
shrunken angular
what stage?
estrus
vaginoscopy findings:
Dry, pale, shrunken angular,
crenulated mucosa, large luminal space
what stage?
late estrus
MOST FERTILE PERIOD - BREED NOW
vaginoscopy findings:
pink, moist rounded folds often with brown mucky
discharge: lasts 2-5 days, bitch still attractive
what stage?
diestrus
what blood hormone assays can you do
estrogen
LH
progesterone
cat puberty
4-12 mo
are cats seasonal or non-seasonal breeders
seasonally polyestrous
long day breeders
what is unique about cat ovulation? how many matings are required?
induced ovulators (29-40hr post coitus approx 30 hrs) via penile spines
require 4 matings
what breeds of cats can have spontaneous ovulations? what does this possibly lead to?
oriental breeds
pyometra if unmated
cats gestation length
66 days
dog gestation length
65 days
methods to induce ovulation in cats
- penile spines
- mechanical vaginal swab
- drugs - GnRH, hCG
explain ovulation without conception in cats
ovulation occurs due to mating with sterile tom, cotton bud, hCG/GnRH or spontaneous
leads to pseudopregnancy = increased progesterone
induces pyometra
how can progesterone detect the LH peak in the bitch
slow preovulatory rise in P can be used to indirectly detect the LH peak and ovulation
how can progesterone detect ovulation in the bitch
ovulation ~2 days after LH peak and abrupt rise in P
when to breed with natural/fresh semen
viable 7 (13) days
4 days post LH
when to breed with fresh chilled semen
viable 2-5 days after AI
when to breed with frozen thawed semen
6-24 (48) hours after thawing and AI
5 days post LH
