Development of Reproductive Tract Flashcards

1
Q

what determines gonadal development

A

presence of Y chromosome (SRY region and Sox9 gene)

by default would be female

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2
Q

XXY example
XO example

A

XXY - male calicos, testes
XO - turner’s syndrome, ovaries

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3
Q

sertoli and granulosa cells originate from…

A

sex cords

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4
Q

leydog and theca cells originate from…

A

mesenchyme

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5
Q

Wolffian (mesonephric) duct precursor to what?

A

male internal genitalia
- epididymis
- vas deferens
- urethra

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6
Q

Mullerian (paramesonephric) duct precursor to what?

A

female internal genitalia
- oviduct
- uterus
-cervix

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7
Q

development of male internal genitalia depends on the presence of what hormones

A

presence of testosterone
presence of anti-mullerian hormone

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8
Q

development of female internal genitalia depends on the absence of what hormones

A

absence of high testosterone
absence of anti-mullerian hormone

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9
Q

what cells secrete testosterone that allows development of Wolffian ducts

A

Leydig cells

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10
Q

what cells produce AMH resulting in regression of Mullerian ducts

A

Sertoli cells

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11
Q

external genitalia - precursor tissues are _____

A

bipotential - can develop into either male or female

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12
Q

what determines the masculinization of external genitalia

A

androgen dihydrotestosterone (DHT)
T converted to DHT via 5alpha-reductase

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13
Q

what does DHT direct the formation of

A

penis
scrotum

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14
Q

what determines the feminization of the external genitalia

A

absence of DHT = clitoris and labia

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15
Q

male genitalia (both internal and external) is dependent on what 3 hormones

A

testosterone
AMH
DHT

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16
Q

what has both ovarian and testicular tissue present?

what species is this most common in?

A

hermaphrodite

swine

17
Q

what has testes + female external genitalia

A

male pseudohermaphrodite

18
Q

what has ovaries + male external genitalia

A

female pseudohermaphrodite

19
Q

what are characteristics of androgen resistance syndromes?

A

XY, bilateral testes, normal regression of mullerian ducts and normal secretion of T BUT have female external genitalia

20
Q

2 forms of androgen resistance syndromes

A
  1. 5alpha-reductase deficiency
  2. androgen receptor dysfunction (underdeveloped Wolffian ducts)
21
Q

what is freemartinism

A
  • intersex female calf born co-twin to male
  • requires anastomoses (so T and AMH go to female)
22
Q

female fetus of freemartinism vs male fetus

A

hypoplastic ovaries
may contain seminiferous tubules
hypoplastic female external genitalia
wolffian duct derivatives present
infertile

male - minimally affected

23
Q

what causes testicular descent into the scrotum

A

regression of gubernaculum (androgen dependent)

24
Q

why are bilateral cryptorchids azoospermia (sterile)

A

elevated testicular temp