Exam 2 Review Flashcards
The gasses in atmospheric air has a partial pressure, these combined at sea level give an overall pressure of
760 mmHg
The conducting portion of the respiratory tract ends with
terminal bronchioles
Pleural pressure in a normal healthy adult is generally
negative
Which vessel carries oxygenated blood from the alveoli to the heart?
pulmonary veins
At which location of the tracheobronchial tree is there a transition from having hyaline cartilage to no cartilage?
bronchioles
Hyaline cartilage is replaced by ______________ along the distal portions of the bronchial tree
smooth muscle
Which of the following accurately describes the carina?
it is the location where the trachea divides into 2 main stem (primary) bronchi
The composition of exhaled air is determined by the volume expired. What volume represents dead space air?
first 100 mL
When describing the volumes and capacities of the normal adult spirogram, which of the following is true regarding residual volume?
A) It is the volume of gas in the lung after a maximal exhalation and cannot be measured by simple spirometry
B) during normal tidal breathing, it represents the volume of gas in the lung at end exhalation
C) it is a measurable portion of the vital capacity during simple spirometry
D) it is a portion of the expiratory reserve volume
A) It is the volume of gas in the lung after a maximal exhalation and cannot be measured by simple spirometry
The volume of air that is inhaled is due to
the pressure difference between atmosphere and lung tissue
At an altitude of 10,000 ft, atmospheric pressure equals 523 mmHg. Which of the following describes the ambient partial pressure of gases at altitude
the partial pressure of oxygen is decreased
What is A?
IRV
What is B?
ERV
What is C?
VC
What is D?
TV
T/F: polar, water soluble items pass directly across the endothelium the quickest
false
How do you calculate vital capacity (VC)?
(short response q)
VC= TV + IRV + ERV
During expiration the diaphragm relaxes, which of the following also causes expiration?
A) contraction of the external intercostal muscles raising the ribs
B) elastic recoil of lung tissue
C) SCM raising the sternum
D) elevation of the clavicles
E) all of the above
B) elastic recoil of lung tissue
Which of the following cells secrete GAGs to protect the bronchiolar epithelium?
club cells
The partial pressure of CO2 in the alveoli at the end of inspiration is _________
40 mmHg
When the oxygen Hb dissociation curve shifts to the right, which of the following is true?
A) Hb saturation decreases
B) more oxygen dissociated from Hb
C) Hb can carry more oxygen
D) carbon dioxide remains soluble
B) more oxygen dissociated from Hb
What lung volume corresponds to IRV?
3.0 L
Expansion of the thoracic cavity _____________ the pressure and is accomplished primarily by the _____________
decreases, diaphragm
Shunt blood is described as?
bronchial circulation that empties into the left atria
