Exam 2 Review

Question 1

The gasses in atmospheric air has a partial pressure, these combined at sea level give an overall pressure of

Answer 1

760 mmHg

Question 2

The conducting portion of the respiratory tract ends with

Answer 2

terminal bronchioles

Question 3

Pleural pressure in a normal healthy adult is generally

Answer 3

negative

Question 4

Which vessel carries oxygenated blood from the alveoli to the heart?

Answer 4

pulmonary veins

Question 5

At which location of the tracheobronchial tree is there a transition from having hyaline cartilage to no cartilage?

Answer 5

bronchioles

Question 6

Hyaline cartilage is replaced by ______________ along the distal portions of the bronchial tree

Answer 6

smooth muscle

Question 7

Which of the following accurately describes the carina?

Answer 7

it is the location where the trachea divides into 2 main stem (primary) bronchi

Question 8

The composition of exhaled air is determined by the volume expired. What volume represents dead space air?

Answer 8

first 100 mL

Question 9

When describing the volumes and capacities of the normal adult spirogram, which of the following is true regarding residual volume?
A) It is the volume of gas in the lung after a maximal exhalation and cannot be measured by simple spirometry
B) during normal tidal breathing, it represents the volume of gas in the lung at end exhalation
C) it is a measurable portion of the vital capacity during simple spirometry
D) it is a portion of the expiratory reserve volume

Answer 9

A) It is the volume of gas in the lung after a maximal exhalation and cannot be measured by simple spirometry

Question 10

The volume of air that is inhaled is due to

Answer 10

the pressure difference between atmosphere and lung tissue

Question 11

At an altitude of 10,000 ft, atmospheric pressure equals 523 mmHg. Which of the following describes the ambient partial pressure of gases at altitude

Answer 11

the partial pressure of oxygen is decreased

Question 12

What is A?

Answer 12

IRV

Question 13

What is B?

Answer 13

ERV

Question 14

What is C?

Answer 14

VC

Question 15

What is D?

Answer 15

TV

Question 16

T/F: polar, water soluble items pass directly across the endothelium the quickest

Answer 16

false

Question 17

How do you calculate vital capacity (VC)?

(short response q)

Answer 17

VC= TV + IRV + ERV

Question 18

During expiration the diaphragm relaxes, which of the following also causes expiration?
A) contraction of the external intercostal muscles raising the ribs
B) elastic recoil of lung tissue
C) SCM raising the sternum
D) elevation of the clavicles
E) all of the above

Answer 18

B) elastic recoil of lung tissue

Question 19

Which of the following cells secrete GAGs to protect the bronchiolar epithelium?

Answer 19

club cells

Question 20

The partial pressure of CO2 in the alveoli at the end of inspiration is _________

Answer 20

40 mmHg

Question 21

When the oxygen Hb dissociation curve shifts to the right, which of the following is true?
A) Hb saturation decreases
B) more oxygen dissociated from Hb
C) Hb can carry more oxygen
D) carbon dioxide remains soluble

Answer 21

B) more oxygen dissociated from Hb

Question 22

What lung volume corresponds to IRV?

Answer 22

3.0 L

Question 23

Expansion of the thoracic cavity _____________ the pressure and is accomplished primarily by the _____________

Answer 23

decreases, diaphragm

Question 24

Shunt blood is described as?

Answer 24

bronchial circulation that empties into the left atria

Question 25

What does residual volume refer to?

Answer 25

the volume of air remaining in the lungs after a forceful expiration

Question 26

The solubility coefficient of a gas represents its affinity for water. Which of the following describes the solubility coefficient?
A)