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Cardiopulmonary Physiology > Exam 1 Review > Flashcards

Exam 1 Review Flashcards

1
Q

Which of the following intervals on an ECG represents the time taken for the impulses to travel from the atria to the ventricles?
A) PT
B) ST
C) PR
D) QT
E) QRS

A

C) PR

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2
Q

The Starling equilibrium for capillary exchange states- a normal capillary bed has a net filtration that is

A

0.3 mmHg

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3
Q

A hospitalized patient has a stroke volume of 70mL and heart rate of 80 beats/min. Calculate cardiac output of this patient

A

5.6 L/min

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4
Q

Put these structures in order from most to least permeable
-NaCl
-water
-albumin
-glucose

A

-water
-NaCl
-glucose
-albumin

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5
Q

Many substances can exert osmotic pressure, within the cardiovascular system the major substance generating osmotic pressure is/are

A

albumin

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6
Q

The heart rate shown by the EKG is

A

71

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7
Q

Is this a vasodilator or vasoconstrictor?
-NE

A

vasoconstrictor

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8
Q

Is this a vasodilator or vasoconstrictor?
-endothelin

A

vasoconstrictor

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9
Q

Is this a vasodilator or vasoconstrictor?
-histamine

A

vasodilator

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10
Q

Is this a vasodilator or vasoconstrictor?
-ADH

A

vasoconstrictor

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11
Q

Is this a vasodilator or vasoconstrictor?
-NO

A

vasodilator

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12
Q

The repolarization phase of ventricular muscle occurs due to opening of which of the following channels?
A) calcium
B) potassium
C) water
D) sodium
E) chloride

A

B) potassium

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13
Q

The maximum pressure reached in arteries is called

A

systolic pressure

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14
Q

Which of the following structures is located beneath the endocardium of the ventricular septum?
A) AV node
B) bundle of his
C) internodal pathways
D) SA node
E) purkinje fibers

A

B) bundle of his

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15
Q

T/F: arterioles are muscular vessels

A

true

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16
Q

Local tissue blood flow can be regulated by the cells detecting the level of local nutrients. Low glucose or oxygen can trigger

A

precapillary sphincter to remain open

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17
Q

As the ventricular syncytium becomes excited during the cardiac cycle, the exterior of the muscles cells become more ___________ and this is what the ECG leads record

A

negative

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18
Q

A ventricular AP can be divided into 4 phases. Put the events in order

A

1) fast sodium channels open
2) fast sodium channels close
3) L type calcium channels open and fast potassium channels close
4) L type calcium channels close and slow potassium channels open
5) repolarize to rest, all channels closed

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19
Q

Which part of the hearts conduction system is posterior to the tricuspid valve?

A

AV node

20
Q

On the graph showing left ventricular volume and pressure, the aortic valve closes at point

A

C

21
Q

Cardiac muscle depends on calcium for contraction, most of this calcium is in the

A

ECF

22
Q

Kf stands for

A

capillary filtration coefficient

23
Q

A plateau is seen on a tracing of a ventricular AP, how long is this event?

A

0.2 seconds

24
Q

T/F: If starling forces are negative, there will be net absorption from tissues into capillaries

A

true

25
Q

The correct units for cardiac output is

A

mL/min

26
Q

Vasomotion is best defined as

A

pulse of blood through a capillary bed due to sphincter

27
Q

T/F: polar, water soluble items pass directly across the endothelium the quickest

A

false

28
Q

Starling forces help explain whether

A

a substance will move in or out a capillary

29
Q

Blood pressure is lowest in which vessel?

A

veins

30
Q

Active tissues in the periphery can increase their own blood supply by

A

releasing vasodilators

31
Q

Interstitial fluid hydrostatic pressure forces fluid _______ through the capillary endothelium

A

in

32
Q

If capillary hydrostatic pressure = 40 mmHg, capillary oncotic pressure= 30, interstitial fluid hydrostatic pressure= -5, interstitial fluid oncotic pressure= 10, what will be the net driving force for fluid filtration?

A

25

33
Q

L type ion channels allow which ions to flow through?

A

sodium and calcium

34
Q

All the beginning of which phase of the cardiac cycle does the mitral valve open?

A

ventricular filing

35
Q

Cardiomyocytes have been shown to release __________ to increase local blood flow (after microcirculation)

A

adenosine

36
Q

The Frank Straling mechanism primarily explains the relationship between:

A

stroke volume and preload

37
Q

Briefly explain the location of the precapillary sphincter

A

its before the capillary bed on the arterial side

38
Q

At the arterial end of a capillary bed which force (pressure) is the greatest?

A

capillary hydrostatic pressure

39
Q

An average measurement of capillary hydrostatic pressure is

A

20 mmHg

40
Q

Quantity of blood that flows per minute

A

cardiac output

41
Q

The quantity of blood that is pumped each cycle

A

stroke volume

42
Q

The volume of blood ejected as a % of the EDV

A

ejection fraction

43
Q

The volume the LV fills with each diastolic cycle

A

preload

44
Q

Which of the following vessels drain lymph into the cardiovascular system?
A) ducts
B) trunks
C) nodes
D) capillaries
E) vessels

A

A) ducts

45
Q

When compared to a normal PV loop, a loop representing an increased force of contraction would be

A

wider to the left

46
Q

The tendency for edema to occur will be increased by

A

increasing capillary permeability

47
Q

The AV node delay represents a time for which of the following events?
A) filling of atrium
B) filling of ventricles
C) SA node discharge
D) ventricular ejection
E) movement of calcium

A

B) filling of ventricles

Cardiopulmonary Physiology (16 decks)

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