Exam 2 review

Question 1

Functions of the Nervous System

Answer 1

• Sensory input. Monitor internal and external stimuli
• Integration. Brain and spinal cord process sensory input and initiate responses
• Homeostasis. Regulate and coordinate physiology
• Mental activity. Consciousness, thinking, memory, emotion
• Controls of muscles and glands

Question 2

Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)

Answer 2

Detect temperature, pain, touch, pressure, light, sound, odors
12 cranial nerves, 31 spinal nerves (plexus)

Question 2

2 divisions of PNS

Answer 2

Sensory (afferent) - receptors to CNS
Motor (efferent) - CNS to effectors

Question 3

Motor Divisions of PNS

Answer 3

Somatic Nervous System (SNS) - voluntary
Autonomic Nervous System (ANS) - involuntary
- Sympathetic: fight or flight
- Parasympathetic: rest and digest

Question 4

Neuroglia of CNS

Answer 4

• function: support + protect

Astrocytes: form BBB, and promote tight junctions
Microglia: respond to inflammation, Phagocytoze
Oligodendrocytes: myelin sheaths

Question 5

Neuroglia of PNS

Answer 5

Schwann cells / neurolmmocytes: myelin sheath
Satellite cells: provide support + nutrition

Question 6

Cranial Nerve I

Answer 6

Olfactory
Sense of smell
Sensory
Automatic

Question 7

Cranial Nerve II

Answer 7

Optic
sense of vision
sensory
automatic

Question 8

Cranial Nerve III

Answer 8

Oculomotor
eye muscles + pupil
Motor
Somatic + automatic

Question 9

Cranial Nerve IV

Answer 9

Trochlear
Superior oblique muscle
Motor
Somatic

Question 10

Cranial Nerve V

Answer 10

Trigeminal
Sensory to face + mastication muscles
Motor + sensory
Automatic + somatic

Question 11

Cranial Nerve VI

Answer 11

Abducent
Lateral eye movement
Motor
Somatic

Question 12

Cranial Nerve VII

Answer 12

Facial
taste + facial expressions
Both M+S
Automatic + Somatic

Question 13

Cranial Nerve VII

Answer 13

Vestibulocochlear
Hearing + balance
Sensory
Automatic

Question 14

Cranial Nerve IX

Answer 14

Glossopharyngeal
tongue + salivary glands
Both (M+S)
Automatic + somatic

Question 15

Cranial Nerve X

Answer 15

Vagus
Thoracic + abdominal cavities
Both (M+S)
Automatic

Question 16

Cranial Nerve XI

Answer 16

Accessory
Shrug shoulders
Motor
Somatic

Question 17

Cranial Nerve XII

Answer 17

Hypoglossal
tongue muscles
Motor
Somatic

Question 18

Brainstem (mesencephalon)

Answer 18

Responsible for automatic survival functions
Inferior/Superior Colliculi: contains reflex center for vision + auditory

Question 19

Cerebellum

Answer 19

Locomotive (plan, practice, learn complete movements), balance, and posture
Largest cells = Purkinje Cells

Question 20

Thalmus

Answer 20

Part of Diencephalon
Integrates signals, and 100% of sensory information

Question 21

Epithalumus

Answer 21

Contains pineal glands for olfactory senses + wake/sleep cycle + emotional response to odor

Question 22

Hypothalamus

Answer 22

controls pituitary glands
olfactory + emotional response to odor
regulates secretions of anterior pituitary

Question 23

Cerebrum

Answer 23

thinking, personality, sensations, movements, memory

Question 24

Olfaction

Answer 24

Sense of smell
Olfactory bulbs recieve
doesn’t go through thalamus

Question 25

Gustation

Answer 25

Sense of Taste
very rapid adaptation
Gustatory cells recieve

Question 26

External Ear

Answer 26

Audicle/pinna -> tympanic membrane
turns sound waves into vibrations

Question 27

Middle Ear

Answer 27

Tympanic membrane -> round/oval window
contain auditory ossicles
transmits vibrations to oval window

Question 28

Inner Ear

Answer 28

House Cochlea, Vestibule, Semicircular canals
Transmits vibrations to nerve signals
responsible for balance

Question 29

The functions of Endocrine Cells

Answer 29

• Glands that secrete chemical signals (hormones) into the circulatory system
• metabolism and tissue maturation
• ion regulation
• water balance
• immune system regulation
• heart rate + blood pressure regulation
• control reproductive function
• urine and milk release

Question 30

Thyroid

Answer 30

To produce T3 or T4 (stress hormones) and Calcitonin (reduce blood CA and put it into bone)

Question 31

Pineal Gland

Answer 31

Produce Melatonin (causes sleepiness)

Question 32

Parathyroid Gland

Answer 32

secrete parathyroid hormone (PTH) (increase blood glucose)

Question 33

Adrenal Gland

Answer 33

Produce epinephrine and Norephrine (fight or flight)
hormones that control urine + weak testosterone

Question 34

Pituitary gland

Answer 34

Adenohypophysis = regulates body functions and sections of other endocrine glands
Neurohypophysis = secretes neurohormones