Exam 2 review Flashcards by Elly7033 Unknown

Functions of the Nervous System

Sensory input. Monitor internal and external stimuli
Integration. Brain and spinal cord process sensory input and initiate responses
Homeostasis. Regulate and coordinate physiology
Mental activity. Consciousness, thinking, memory, emotion
Controls of muscles and glands

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Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)

Detect temperature, pain, touch, pressure, light, sound, odors
12 cranial nerves, 31 spinal nerves (plexus)

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2 divisions of PNS

Sensory (afferent) - receptors to CNS
Motor (efferent) - CNS to effectors

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Motor Divisions of PNS

Somatic Nervous System (SNS) - voluntary
Autonomic Nervous System (ANS) - involuntary
- Sympathetic: fight or flight
- Parasympathetic: rest and digest

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Neuroglia of CNS

function: support + protect

Astrocytes: form BBB, and promote tight junctions
Microglia: respond to inflammation, Phagocytoze
Oligodendrocytes: myelin sheaths

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Neuroglia of PNS

Schwann cells / neurolmmocytes: myelin sheath
Satellite cells: provide support + nutrition

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Cranial Nerve I

Olfactory
Sense of smell
Sensory
Automatic

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Cranial Nerve II

Optic
sense of vision
sensory
automatic

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Cranial Nerve III

Oculomotor
eye muscles + pupil
Motor
Somatic + automatic

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Cranial Nerve IV

Trochlear
Superior oblique muscle
Motor
Somatic

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Cranial Nerve V

Trigeminal
Sensory to face + mastication muscles
Motor + sensory
Automatic + somatic

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Cranial Nerve VI

Abducent
Lateral eye movement
Motor
Somatic

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Cranial Nerve VII

Facial
taste + facial expressions
Both M+S
Automatic + Somatic

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Cranial Nerve VII

Vestibulocochlear
Hearing + balance
Sensory
Automatic

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Cranial Nerve IX

Glossopharyngeal
tongue + salivary glands
Both (M+S)
Automatic + somatic

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Cranial Nerve X

Vagus
Thoracic + abdominal cavities
Both (M+S)
Automatic

Cranial Nerve XI

Accessory
Shrug shoulders
Motor
Somatic

Cranial Nerve XII

Hypoglossal
tongue muscles
Motor
Somatic

Brainstem (mesencephalon)

Responsible for automatic survival functions
Inferior/Superior Colliculi: contains reflex center for vision + auditory

Cerebellum

Locomotive (plan, practice, learn complete movements), balance, and posture
Largest cells = Purkinje Cells

Thalmus

Part of Diencephalon
Integrates signals, and 100% of sensory information

Epithalumus

Contains pineal glands for olfactory senses + wake/sleep cycle + emotional response to odor

Hypothalamus

controls pituitary glands
olfactory + emotional response to odor
regulates secretions of anterior pituitary

Cerebrum

thinking, personality, sensations, movements, memory

Olfaction

Sense of smell Olfactory bulbs recieve doesn't go through thalamus

Gustation

Sense of Taste very rapid adaptation Gustatory cells recieve

External Ear

Audicle/pinna -> tympanic membrane turns sound waves into vibrations

Middle Ear

Tympanic membrane -> round/oval window contain auditory ossicles transmits vibrations to oval window

Inner Ear

House Cochlea, Vestibule, Semicircular canals Transmits vibrations to nerve signals responsible for balance

The functions of Endocrine Cells

- Glands that secrete chemical signals (hormones) into the circulatory system - metabolism and tissue maturation - ion regulation - water balance - immune system regulation - heart rate + blood pressure regulation - control reproductive function - urine and milk release

Thyroid

To produce T3 or T4 (stress hormones) and Calcitonin (reduce blood CA and put it into bone)

Pineal Gland

Produce Melatonin (causes sleepiness)

Parathyroid Gland

secrete parathyroid hormone (PTH) (increase blood glucose)

Adrenal Gland

Produce epinephrine and Norephrine (fight or flight) hormones that control urine + weak testosterone

Pituitary gland

Adenohypophysis = regulates body functions and sections of other endocrine glands Neurohypophysis = secretes neurohormones