Cardiovascular System Flashcards
Pericardium of the heart
-Fibrous pericardium: Prevents over-distention; acts as anchor
Serous pericardium:
Parietal pericardium: lines the fibrous
Visceral pericardium (epicardium): covers heart surface
3 Layers of the ventricle tissue
Epicardium: Serous membrane; smooth outer surface of heart
Myocardium: Middle layer composed of cardiac muscle cell and responsibility for heart contracting
Endocardium: Smooth inner surface of heart chambers
Three major openings that bring blood to the right atrium
superior vena cava, inferior vena cava, coronary sinus
Four openings that brings blood to the left atrium
Pulmonary arteries
Atrioventricular canals
openings between atria and respective ventricles
Atrioventricular valves (AV valves) Function
Prevent blood flowing back
Flow of blood in the heart
Superior/inferior vena cava -> right atrium -> tricuspid valve -> right ventricle -> pulmonary semilunar valve -> pulmonary trunk -> Lung tissue -> pulmonary veins -> left atrium -> bicuspid valve -> left ventricle -> aortic semilunar valve -> aorta -> coronary arteries/body tissue
Functions of the heart skeleton
Support valves
serve as electrical instulation
provide site for muscle attachment
Differences between skeletal and cardiac muscle physiology
Cardiac - cell-cell, action rate of action p is slow, small diameter fibers, CICR
Skeletal - conducted along length of single fiber, fast, large diameter fiber
Functions of SA and AV nodes
SA = pacemaker, conducts atrial muscles
AV = signals ventricles to conduct after atrial
What are the classifications of electrocardiogram
P wave: atrium contracting (SA nodes)
- atrium contract when not in a state of relaxation
QRS: ventricular contraction, repolarization of atria
T wave: ventricle relaxation
systole
contractions
AV valves close w/ increase pressure
semilunar valves open when there is enough pressure
Diastole
Relaxations
Ventricles contract, Av vales close
at rest contractions of atria not necessary
during exercise, atrial contractions necessary
Function of Baroreceptors
pressure receptors in arteries that signals for hormones to be released
